Figure 8.

Exposure to IPA affects olfactory generalization. Learning performances, as indicated by percentages of conditioned PER to the conditioned odor on the third conditioning trial, for each group. Independent groups of bees were exposed to oil, geraniol, or IPA, immediately after conditioning, and then tested 1 h after the end of conditioning. Generalization was assessed by measuring PER in response to unrewarded presentations of 1-nonanol (CS), nonanal (an odorant perceptually similar to 1-nonanol) and 1-hexanol (perceived as dissimilar to 1-nonanol). (A) Percentages of conditioned responses to the three odorants, for each group. Bees exposed to IPA respond less to the similar odor. *p < 0.05 (as compared with respective control groups). (B) Distribution of bees according to their individual response profiles. Specific responses to the CS are more frequent in bees exposed to IPA, while most control bees (Oil and Geraniol) show generalization responses.