TABLE 3.
Results of Multilevel Models for the Effect of Facility Characteristics on Nursing Assistants' Experience of Injuries From Assaults With Adjustment for Individual-Level Risk Factors: National Nursing Assistant Survey, 2004
| Variable | Model 1, OR (95% CI) | Model 2, OR (95% CI) | Model 3, OR (95% CI) |
| Individual-level fixed effects | |||
| Intercept | 0.39 (0.33, 0.46) | 0.40 (0.28, 0.58) | 0.33 (0.21, 0.52) |
| Age slope (per y) | 0.97 (0.97, 0.98) | 0.97 (0.97, 0.98) | 0.97 (0.97, 0.98) |
| Female vs male | 1.45 (1.24, 1.70) | 1.27 (0.90, 1.81) | 1.29 (0.91, 1.83) |
| Education, ≤ 12 y vs higher | 0.99 (0.91, 1.08) | 1.04 (0.85, 1.28) | 1.03 (0.84, 1.28) |
| Annual household income, ≤ $20 000 vs higher | 1.02 (0.93, 1.11) | 0.94 (0.77, 1.15) | 0.93 (0.76, 1.13) |
| Work hours per week, ≥ 40 h vs < 40 h | 0.84 (0.74, 0.97) | 0.95 (0.68, 1.33) | 0.94 (0.68, 1.30) |
| Having health insurance, yes vs no | 1.12 (1.02, 1.23) | 1.12 (0.92, 1.36) | 1.09 (0.90, 1.33) |
| Mandatory overtime, yes vs no | 1.57 (1.38, 1.78) | 1.66 (1.22, 2.26) | 1.65 (1.22, 2.24) |
| Time for ADL, not enough vs enough | 1.50 (1.38, 1.62) | 1.50 (1.25, 1.79) | 1.49 (1.25, 1.78) |
| Job tenure, < 1 y vs ≥ 1 y | 1.02 (0.93, 1.12) | 1.04 (0.85, 1.27) | 1.04 (0.85, 1.27) |
| Wage type, salary vs hourly | 1.39 (1.21, 1.61) | 1.18 (0.84, 1.67) | 1.19 (0.84, 1.68) |
| Speak same language as residents, no vs yes | 1.16 (1.07, 1.26) | 1.17 (0.97, 1.42) | 1.17 (0.97, 1.42) |
| Race/ethnicity, Black vs White | 0.41 (0.38, 0.45) | 0.46 (0.37, 0.57) | 0.44 (0.35, 0.56) |
| Race/ethnicity, Hispanic vs White | 0.72 (0.62, 0.82) | 0.76 (0.53, 1.07) | 0.74 (0.53, 1.05) |
| Race/ethnicity, other vs White | 0.76 (0.65, 0.89) | 0.90 (0.61, 1.33) | 0.90 (0.60, 1.34) |
| Facility-level fixed effects | |||
| Alzheimer disease wards, yes vs no | … | … | 1.34 (1.08, 1.67) |
| Hospice wards, yes vs no | … | … | 0.96 (0.64, 1.46) |
| Rehabilitation wards, yes vs no | … | … | 0.88 (0.61, 1.28) |
| Any lifting device, yes vs no | … | … | 0.93 (0.75, 1.15) |
| Ownership, for-profit vs not-for-profit | … | … | 1.16 (0.94, 1.42) |
| Assign NAs to same residents, yes vs no | … | … | 1.05 (0.84, 1.30) |
| Waiting list, yes vs no | … | … | 1.10 (0.90, 1.36) |
| Facility size, ≥ 100 beds vs < 100 beds | … | … | 1.02 (0.83, 1.27) |
| Median odds ratio | … | 1.76 | 1.77 |
Note. ADL = activities of daily living; CI = confidence interval; NA = nursing assistant; OR = odds ratio. Odds ratios were adjusted for all other variables in the model.