TABLE 4.
Results of Multilevel Models for the Effect of Facility Characteristics on Nursing Assistants' Experience of Injuries From Human Bites With Adjustment for Individual-Level Risk Factors: National Nursing Assistant Survey, 2004
| Variable | Model 1, OR (95% CI) | Model 2, OR (95% CI) | Model 3, OR (95% CI) |
| Individual-level fixed effect | |||
| Intercept | 0.10 (0.08, 0.12) | 0.11 (0.07, 0.18) | 0.09 (0.05, 0.16) |
| Age slope (per y) | 0.99 (0.98, 0.99) | 0.99 (0.98, 1.00) | 0.99 (0.98, 1.00) |
| Female vs male | 1.25 (1.06, 1.47) | 1.03 (0.63, 1.68) | 1.03 (0.63, 1.67) |
| Education, ≤ 12 y vs higher | 0.93 (0.85, 1.02) | 1.15 (0.88, 1.49) | 1.14 (0.88, 1.50) |
| Annual household income, ≤ $20 000 vs higher | 1.17 (1.07, 1.28) | 0.94 (0.72, 1.21) | 0.95 (0.73, 1.23) |
| Work hours, ≥ 40 h vs < 40 h | 0.96 (0.83, 1.10) | 1.23 (0.80, 1.90) | 1.23 (0.81, 1.88) |
| Having health insurance, yes vs no | 1.24 (1.13, 1.36) | 1.16 (0.91, 1.47) | 1.17 (0.92, 1.50) |
| Mandatory overtime, yes vs no | 1.70 (1.52, 1.90) | 1.73 (1.25, 2.39) | 1.75 (1.26, 2.42) |
| Time for ADL, not enough vs enough | 1.91 (1.76, 2.07) | 1.86 (1.45, 2.38) | 1.90 (1.48, 2.42) |
| Job tenure, < 1 y vs ≥ 1 y | 0.90 (0.82, 0.99) | 1.08 (0.83, 1.40) | 1.08 (0.84, 1.41) |
| Wage type, salary vs hourly | 1.12 (0.96, 1.29) | 1.30 (0.83, 2.03) | 1.27 (0.81, 1.98) |
| Speak same language as residents, no vs yes | 0.81 (0.74, 0.88) | 0.79 (0.60, 1.04) | 0.80 (0.61, 1.05) |
| Race/ethnicity, Black vs White | 0.45 (0.41, 0.49) | 0.51 (0.37, 0.71) | 0.52 (0.37, 0.73) |
| Race/ethnicity, Hispanic vs White | 0.75 (0.65, 0.86) | 0.92 (0.61, 1.40) | 0.95 (0.63, 1.44) |
| Race/ethnicity, other vs White | 0.53 (0.43, 0.64) | 0.82 (0.50, 1.34) | 0.84 (0.51, 1.38) |
| Facility-level fixed effects | |||
| Alzheimer disease wards, yes vs no | … | … | 1.37 (1.03, 1.82) |
| Hospice wards, yes vs no | … | … | 0.79 (0.47, 1.36) |
| Rehabilitation wards, yes vs no | … | … | 0.88 (0.54, 1.42) |
| Any lifting device, yes vs no | … | … | 1.20 (0.92, 1.58) |
| Ownership, for-profit vs not-for-profit | … | … | 0.97 (0.75, 1.27) |
| Waiting list, yes vs no | … | … | 1.00 (0.75, 1.35) |
| Facility size, ≥ 100 beds vs < 100 beds | … | … | 1.09 (0.82, 1.47) |
| Median odds ratio | … | 2.28 | 2.30 |
Note. ADL = activities of daily living; CI = confidence interval; NA = nursing assistant; OR = odds ratio. Odds ratios were adjusted for all other variables in the model.