Fig. 1.

Formation of lipid vesicles with an inkjet. (a) Each vesicle is formed by a series of inkjet pulses that form a single microfluidic jet, where pauses between pulse sets determine the frequency of vesicle formation. (b) Multiple inkjet pulses (15 pulses at 30 V constant amplitude) build to form a single traveling vortex ring as depicted in sequential frames recorded at 22,500 frames per second (222, 311, 356, 444, 578, 711, 889 μs). (c) A vesicle is formed by a series of 17 inkjet pulses at 50 V, as depicted in sequential frames recorded at 5,000 frames per second (0.8, 1.4, 2.2, 3.0, 4.2, 4.8, 9.4 ms). Scale bars are 100 μm.