FIG. 5.

Treatment of mice with TNF-α alters Shiga toxin 1-induced changes in renal function and blood chemistries. Mice were treated with saline, 9 μg/kg Stx1 alone, rmTNF-α alone, pretreated with rmTNF-α 6 h prior to Stx1 exposure (TNF-α pretreatment), or posttreated with rmTNF-α 6 h after Stx1 exposure (TNF-α posttreatment). Forty-eight hours later, all groups were euthanized. Sera were collected and analyzed for BUN (A) and creatinine levels (B), and the percentages of lymphocytes (C) and segmented neutrophils (D) were determined. The scatter plots represent results of two independent experiments (n = 6). Statistical significance between all groups was assessed using the Kruskal-Wallis test with Dunn's multiple comparison post test. An asterisk denotes significance at P < 0.05, and three asterisks denotes significance at P < 0.001.