FIG. 1.

Effect of chitin on Xylella fastidiosa. (A) Growth curve of X. fastidiosa in XFM in presence or absence of colloidal chitin. (B) Log-transformed cell numbers present as planktonic or attached as a biofilm on glass in liquid XFM. Different letters on bars indicate statistically different treatments. (C) Biofilm formation of X. fastidiosa in a shaking culture. The biofilm is stained at the broth-air interface. (D) Chitin-induced transcriptional changes in X. fastidiosa; (E) in-gel chitinase activity ([4-MU(GlcNAc)₃] cleavage) of X. fastidiosa whole-cell culture extracts.