TABLE 4.
Multivariate relative risk (RR) of gout according to total dairy food consumption stratified by BMI, alcohol consumption, diuretic use, and low-fat dairy intake
| Multivariate RR (95% CI)1 |
||||||
| Variable | 0 mL/d (0 cups/d) | 1–237 mL/d (<1 cup/d) | 238–947 mL/d (1–3 cups/d) | ≥948 mL/d (≥4 cups/d) | P for trend | P for interaction |
| BMI | 0.09 | |||||
| <25 kg/m2 | 1.0 | 1.70 (1.03, 2.79) | 0.90 (0.56, 1.45) | 0.35 (0.16, 0.81) | <0.0001 | |
| 25–29.9 kg/m2 | 1.0 | 0.97 (0.66, 1.45) | 0.84 (0.58, 1.20) | 0.58 (0.32, 1.05) | 0.05 | |
| ≥30 kg/m2 | 1.0 | 0.81 (0.59, 1.10) | 0.73 (0.55, 0.97) | 0.37 (0.22, 0.64) | 0.001 | |
| Alcohol consumption | 0.20 | |||||
| No | 1.0 | 1.20 (0.87, 1.67) | 1.13 (0.83, 1.53) | 0.47 (0.24, 0.90) | 0.19 | |
| Yes | 1.0 | 0.88 (0.63, 1.22) | 0.67 (0.50, 0.90) | 0.36 (0.22, 0.58) | <0.0001 | |
| Diuretic use | 0.41 | |||||
| No | 1.0 | 0.94 (0.70, 1.25) | 0.70 (0.54, 0.91) | 0.35 (0.22, 0.56) | <0.0001 | |
| Yes | 1.0 | 1.01 (0.73, 1.40) | 0.88 (0.65, 1.19) | 0.55 (0.32, 0.93) | 0.03 | |
| Low-fat dairy intake | 0.14 | |||||
| <1.5 servings/d | 1.0 | 1.03 (0.74, 1.43) | 0.68 (0.50, 0.92) | 0.49 (0.31, 0.79) | <0.0001 | |
| ≥1.5 servings/d | 1.0 | 0.95 (0.72, 1.27) | 0.87 (0.66, 1.13) | 0.35 (0.20, 0.61) | 0.003 | |
1
Adjusted for age, total energy intake, BMI, menopause, use of hormonal replacement, diuretic use, history of hypertension, and intake of alcohol, total meats, seafood, total vitamin C, and dairy foods. RRs were computed from Cox proportional hazards models.