Figure 3.

Locations in Talairach coordinates of the activations in the anterior cingulate cortex in published studies of hunger for air, thirst, hunger, micturition pain, and REM sleep (automatic rendering from brainmap search and view software, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio). Air Hunger: Brannan and coworkers (9) CO₂FM inhalation vs. CO₂MP inhalation (red square); breathlessness correlation (red circle). Thirst: Denton et al. (25) maximum thirst vs. rest (green square); Denton et al. (13) plasma [Na⁺] correlation (green circle). Hunger: Tataranni et al. (30) 36-h fast vs. satiation (orange square). Micturition: Blok et al. (37, 50); a series of comparisons involving micturition, withholding urine, and empty bladder (magenta). Pain Rainville et al. (34); a series of comparisons involving painful hot vs. warm or neutral (blue); other comparisons (cyan or pink) involving painful heat vs. warm nonpainful or neutral (30, 51–55). Sleep: Maquet et al. (41) REM sleep (black star).