TABLE 1.
Susceptibility of avian influenza A viruses of N1 NA subtype to the NA inhibitor oseltamivir
| Source and name of N1 NA virus | Subtype | Yr isolated | Origin | Mean IC50 ± SD (nM)b |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ducksa | ||||
| A/Mallard/Alberta/743/83 | H9N1 | 1983 | Canada | 20.40 ± 2.69 |
| A/Blue-Winged Teal/Alberta/212/84 | H1N1 | 1984 | Canada | 9.01 ± 1.58 |
| A/Mallard/TN/11464/85 | H1N1 | 1985 | USA | 39.75 ± 10.00 |
| A/Blue-Winged Teal/LA/B228/86 | H1N1 | 1986 | USA | 5.98 ± 2.02 |
| A/Mallard/Alberta/323/88 | H2N1 | 1988 | USA | 24.88 ± 11.16 |
| A/Mallard/Alberta/253/90 | H6N1 | 1990 | Canada | 1.28 ± 0.34 |
| A/Mallard/Alberta/107/91 | H3N1 | 1991 | USA | 12.11 ± 3.60 |
| A/Mallard/Alberta/196/92 | H3N1 | 1992 | Canada | 22.75 ± 0.00 |
| A/Pintail/Alberta/129/93 | H7N1 | 1993 | Canada | 0.81 ± 0.36 |
| A/Mallard/Alberta/5/95 | H10N1 | 1995 | Canada | 1.82 ± 0.55 |
| A/Mallard/Alberta/267/96 | H1N1 | 1996 | Canada | 56.70 ± 11.82 |
| A/Mallard/Alberta/119/98 | H1N1 | 1998 | Canada | 4.35 ± 0.00 |
| A/Mallard/Alberta/201/98 | H1N1 | 1998 | Canada | 13.40 ± 0.00 |
| A/Mallard/Alberta/34/2001 | H7N1 | 2001 | Canada | 102.25 ± 3.80 |
| A/Pintail/Alberta/210/2002 | H1N1 | 2002 | Canada | 8.50 ± 10.25 |
| A/Mallard/Alberta/130/2003 | H4N1 | 2003 | Canada | 8.99 ± 6.40 |
| A/Mallard/Alberta/88/2004 | H1N1 | 2004 | Canada | 99.17 ± 61.85 |
| A/Mallard/Alberta/226/2004 | H3N1 | 2004 | Canada | 51.61 ± 14.43 |
| A/Pintail/Alberta/68/2005 | H1N1 | 2005 | Canada | 40.57 ± 8.54 |
| A/Pintail/Alberta/69/2005 | H1N1 | 2005 | Canada | 11.52 ± 3.65 |
| A/Canvasback/Alberta/276/2005 | H1N1 | 2005 | Canada | 39.30 ± 8.81 |
| A/Mallard/PA/454069-9/2006 | H5N1 | 2006 | USA | 2.33 ± 0.96 |
| A/Mallard/MN/SG-000220/2007 | H6N1 | 2007 | USA | 7.36 ± 3.96 |
| A/Green-Winged Teal/LA/SG-00090/2007 | H1N1 | 2007 | USA | 18.03 ± 8.36 |
| A/Mallard/MN/AI07-3018/2007 | H1N1 | 2007 | USA | 29.61 ± 20.09 |
| A/Mallard/MN/AI07-3019/2007 | H3N1 | 2007 | USA | 12.97 ± 2.85 |
| A/Mallard/MN/AI07-3099/2007 | H3N1 | 2007 | USA | 12.83 ± 4.18 |
| A/Mallard/MN/AI07-3100/2007 | H1N1 | 2007 | USA | 10.54 ± 2.97 |
| A/Mallard/OH/510306-4/2007 | H5N1 | 2007 | USA | 6.55 ± 2.33 |
| A/Mallard/MI/463796-7/2007 | H5N1 | 2007 | USA | 4.48 ± 1.17 |
| A/Mallard/MN/AI07-3108/2007 | H3N1 | 2007 | USA | 6.39 ± 2.10 |
| A/Mallard/MN/AI07-3124/2007 | H3N1 | 2007 | USA | 8.39 ± 2.45 |
| A/Mallard/MN/AI07-3127/2007 | H1N1 | 2007 | USA | 5.11 ± 1.89 |
| A/Mallard/MN/AI07-3136/2007 | H1N1 | 2007 | USA | 6.41 ± 3.39 |
| A/Mallard/MN/AI07-3140/2007 | H1N1 | 2007 | USA | 7.50 ± 2.36 |
| A/Mallard/MN/AI07-3189/2007 | H10N1 | 2007 | USA | 6.74 ± 4.38 |
| A/Mallard/MN/SG-000220/2007 | H6N1 | 2007 | USA | 5.69 ± 3.12 |
| A/Mallard/MN/SG-000223/2007 | H6N1 | 2007 | USA | 3.97 ± 2.68 |
| A/Mallard/MN/SG-000170/2007 | H6N1 | 2007 | USA | 12.53 ± 3.84 |
| A/Mallard/MN/SG-000214/2007 | H6N1 | 2007 | USA | 6.18 ± 1.81 |
| A/Mallard/MN/SG-000104/2007 | H6N1 | 2007 | USA | 7.62 ± 3.82 |
| A/Mallard/MN/SG-000105/2007 | H6N1 | 2007 | USA | 7.02 ± 2.56 |
| A/Mallard/MN/SG-000121/2007 | H1N1 | 2007 | USA | 12.41 ± 2.43 |
| A/Red Headed Duck/MN/SG-000123/2007 | H1N1 | 2007 | USA | 10.49 ± 2.25 |
| A/Blue-Winged Teal/TX/SG-00087/2007 | H4N1 | 2007 | USA | 6.03 ± 2.11 |
| A/Mallard/MI/463796-7/2007 | H5N1 | 2007 | USA | 4.48 ± 1.17 |
| A/Mallard/OH/510306-4/2007 | H5N1 | 2007 | USA | 6.55 ± 2.33 |
| A/Mallard/OH/4809/2008 | H1N1 | 2008 | USA | 8.58 ± 1.47 |
| A/Mallard/MN/SG-00572/2008 | H3N1 | 2008 | USA | 8.83 ± 1.96 |
| A/Mallard/MN/SG-00627/2008 | H1N1 | 2008 | USA | 6.95 ± 3.18 |
| A/Mallard/MN/SG-00628/2008 | H1N1 | 2008 | USA | 4.91 ± 1.63 |
| A/Northern Shoveler/MN/SG-00651/2008 | H1N1 | 2008 | USA | 8.80 ± 2.81 |
| A/Northern Shoveler/MN/SG-00655/2008 | H1N1 | 2008 | USA | 9.39 ± 4.22 |
| A/Northern Shoveler/MN/SG-00661/2008 | H3N1 | 2008 | USA | 8.15 ± 2.41 |
| A/Northern Shoveler/MN/SG-00665/2008 | H3N1 | 2008 | USA | 11.40 ± 4.95 |
| A/Mallard/MN/AI08-3825/2008 | H5N1 | 2008 | USA | 9.56 ± 4.80 |
| A/Mallard/MN/AI08-4507/2008 | H3N1 | 2008 | USA | 7.56 ± 4.44 |
| A/Green-Winged Teal/AI08-4655/2008 | H5N1 | 2008 | USA | 1.87 ± 0.73 |
| A/Mallard/MN/AI08-5384/2008 | H5N1 | 2008 | USA | 12.00 ± 1.14 |
| Shorebirds/gullsa | ||||
| A/Gull/Kazakhstan/870/79 | H1N1 | 1979 | USSR | 3.07 ± 0.91 |
| A/Ruddy Turnstone/NJ/61/85 | H11N1 | 1985 | USA | 23.97 ± 6.89 |
| A/Herring Gull/DE/698/88 | H2N1 | 1988 | USA | 10.85 ± 0.14 |
| A/Ruddy Turnstone/DE/34/93 | H2N1 | 1993 | USA | 41.13 ± 15.51 |
| A/Ruddy Turnstone/DE/78/93 | H11N1 | 1993 | USA | 10.05 ± 0.85 |
| A/Ruddy Turnstone/DE/8/93 | H2N1 | 1993 | USA | 14.22 ± 10.33 |
| A/Laughing Gull/DE/254/93 | H13N1 | 1993 | USA | 0.50 ± 0.21 |
| A/Ruddy Turnstone/DE/81/93 | H2N1 | 1993 | USA | 23.97 ± 6.89 |
| A/Ruddy Turnstone/DE/170/94 | H3N1 | 1994 | USA | 0.98 ± 0.46 |
| A/Ruddy Turnstone/DE/185/94 | H3N1 | 1994 | USA | 3.59 ± 1.41 |
| A/Ruddy Turnstone/DE/183/94 | H3N1 | 1994 | USA | 1.12 ± 0.39 |
| A/Shorebird/DE/39/95 | H3N1 | 1995 | USA | 3.23 ± 1.33 |
| A/Shorebird/DE/288/95 | H3N1 | 1995 | USA | 0.92 ± 0.33 |
| A/Shorebird/DE/24/96 | H11N1 | 1996 | USA | 35.25 ± 3.06 |
| A/Ruddy Turnstone/DE/125/96 | H12N1 | 1996 | USA | 45.82 ± 2.44 |
| A/Shorebird/DE/111/97 | H2N1 | 1997 | USA | 39.00 ± 2.84 |
| A/Shorebird/DE/138/97 | H2N1 | 1997 | USA | 2.68 ± 0.21 |
| A/Shorebird/DE/182/97 | H2N1 | 1997 | USA | 154.43 ± 38.53 |
| A/Shorebird/DE/24/98 | H2N1 | 1998 | USA | 111.07 ± 18.61 |
| A/Shorebird/DE/95/2003 | H9N1 | 2003 | USA | 67.00 ± 11.16 |
| A/Shorebird/DE/68/2003 | H9N1 | 2003 | USA | 52.85 ± 13.95 |
| A/Laughing Gull/DE/5/2003 | H9N1 | 2003 | USA | 65.80 ± 17.88 |
| A/Shorebird/DE/65/2003 | H9N1 | 2003 | USA | 5.63 ± 2.63 |
| A/Ruddy Turnstone/NJ/AI07-69/2007 | H5N1 | 2007 | USA | 5.79 ± 1.36 |
| A/Ruddy Turnstone/NJ/AI07-72/2007 | H9N1 | 2007 | USA | 6.46 ± 1.57 |
| A/Ruddy Turnstone/NJ/AI07-283/2007 | H9N1 | 2007 | USA | 5.59 ± 1.61 |
| A/Ruddy Turnstone/NJ/AI07-296/2007 | H6N1 | 2007 | USA | 7.36 ± 3.96 |
| A/Ruddy Turnstone/NJ/AI07-699/2007 | H5N1 | 2007 | USA | 4.60 ± 1.44 |
| A/Ruddy Turnstone/NJ/AI07-839/2007 | H12N1 | 2007 | USA | 6.60 ± 2.22 |
| Swinec | ||||
| A/Swine/NC/38448-1/2005 | H1N1 | 2005 | USA | 2.11 ± 0.91 |
| A/Swine/KS/029170/2007 | H1N1 | 2007 | USA | 0.33 ± 0.12 |
| A/Swine/OK/038826/2007 | H1N1 | 2007 | USA | 1.82 ± 0.42 |
| A/Swine/NE/047330/2007 | H1N1 | 2007 | USA | 0.90 ± 0.49 |
| A/Swine/OH/004880/2008 | H1N1 | 2008 | USA | 3.31 ± 1.52 |
| A/Swine/NC/007270/2008 | H1N1 | 2008 | USA | 1.12 ± 0.65 |
| A/Swine/KY/012454/2008 | H1N1 | 2008 | USA | 1.44 ± 0.18 |
| A/Swine/MN/016245/2008 | H1N1 | 2008 | USA | 0.66 ± 0.43 |
| A/Swine/WI/018247-2/2008 | H1N1 | 2008 | USA | 1.27 ± 0.48 |
| A/Swine/IL/020968/2008 | H1N1 | 2008 | USA | 1.90 ± 0.66 |
| A/Swine/MO/044329/2008 | H1N1 | 2008 | USA | 0.65 ± 0.25 |
| A/Swine/MN/055403-3/2008 | H1N1 | 2008 | USA | 0.79 ± 0.27 |
| A/Swine/IA/056944/2008 | H1N1 | 2008 | USA | 1.77 ± 0.79 |
| A/Swine/IL/060530/2008 | H1N1 | 2008 | USA | 0.92 ± 0.12 |
| A/Swine/IA/003479/2009 | H1N1 | 2009 | USA | 2.56 ± 1.50 |
a
Influenza viruses obtained from avian sources were all from apparently healthy wild birds and were isolated from fecal samples or from tracheal/oropharyngeal or cloacal swabs. Stock viruses of avian isolates were made by passaging in 10-day-old embryonated chicken eggs. Two-letter abbreviations in virus names correspond to standard postal abbreviations for states.
b
The NA inhibition assay used MUNANA as substrate (final concentration, 100 μM). Values are the means of at least three independent determinations.
c
Influenza viruses from pigs were from animals with respiratory disease and were isolated from bronchial swabs, nasal swabs, or lung tissues.