TABLE 3.

Virus mutation rates expressed as substitutions per nucleotide per strand copying (μ_s/n/r)^a

Group	Virus	μs/n/r	Ts	Reference(s)
ssRNA(+)	PV-1	8.9 × 10−6	1	82
ssRNA(−)	VSV	6.0 × 10−6	6	36
	FLUVA	9.0 × 10−6	2-5	85, 86
	Measles virus (MV)b	4.4 × 10−5	∼7.5	81
dsRNA	φ6	1.4 × 10−6	∼5.6	9
ssDNA	φX174c	2.1 × 10−7	∼6.4	19
		1.0 × 10−6	7	12
dsDNA	λ	7.9 × 10−8	38	25, 26
	T2	2.0 × 10−8	1,576	26, 55

^aAll estimates were obtained using the fluctuation test, except for λ, where the rate per cycle of copying was calculated assuming binary replication (26).

^bGenome size, 15.9 kb.

^cGeometric mean, 4.6 × 10⁻⁷.