Table II. Identities and probable roles of hepatocyte signature set cytokines secreted in NF-κB-dependent manner by hepatocytes but not HepG2 cells.
DCs, dendritic cells; RANTES, regulated on activation normal T cell expressed and secreted.
| Name | Receptor | Released by | Target cells | Liver function |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| MCP1/ CCL2 | CCR2 | Many cell types | Monocytes, immature DCs | Monocyte and lymphocyte chemotaxis |
| MIP1α/CCL3 | CCR1/CCR5 | Kupffer/dendritic cells, other | Monocytes, immature DCs, Th1 cells, neutrophils | Innate immunity |
| MIP1β/CCL4 | CCR5 | Kupffer/dendritic cells, other | Macrophage, neutrophils | Innate immunity |
| RANTES/CCL5 | CCR1/CCR5 | Kupffer/dendritic cells, other | Monocytes, immature DCs, Th1 cells | Innate immunity |
| GROα/CXCL1 | CXCR2 | Many cell types | Neutrophils | Innate immunity |
| IP10/CXCL10 | CXCR3 | Many cell types | NK cells, Th1 cells | Innate immunity |
| IL6 | IL6R | Many cell types | Hepatocytes | Lymphocyte growth, acute phase response, liver regeneration |
| CSF3 | CSF3R | Macrophages, other | Granulocyte | Recruitment of stem cells in regeneration |