Table 2. OR and 95% CI for the association of HCC with selected risks by HBsAg and/or anti-HCV status.
|
Subject with HBsAg and/or anti-HCV
|
Subject without HBsAg and anti-HCV
|
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Case, N=184 (%) | Control, N=51 (%) | OR (95% CI) a | Case, N=23 (%) | Control, N=777 (%) | OR (95% CI) a | |
| Family income (US$ per month) | ||||||
| ⩾4000 | 40 (21.7) | 26 (51.0) | Reference | 1 (4.35) | 433 (55.7) | Reference |
| <4000 | 67 (36.4) | 14 (27.5) | 5.38 (2.14–13.53) | 7 (30.4) | 221 (28.4) | 14.93 (1.77–125.84) |
| <2000 | 77 (41.85) | 11 (21.6) | 5.17 (1.89–14.16) | 15 (65.2) | 123 (15.8) | 61.74 (7.43–513.81) |
| P-value for trend 0.0014 | P-value for trend <0.0001 | |||||
| Lifetime alcohol intake (absolute alcohol concentration, g per day) | ||||||
| <24 | 113 (61.4) | 39 (76.5) | Reference | 11 (47.8) | 593 (76.3) | Reference |
| 24–48 | 18 (9.8) | 4 (7.8) | 1.27 (0.33–4.87) | 5 (21.7) | 95 (12.2) | 1.73 (0.50–6.03) |
| ⩾48 | 53 (28.8) | 8 (15.7) | 3.03 (1.13–8.18) | 7 (30.4) | 89 (11.5) | 4.01 (1.22–13.22) |
| P-value for trend 0.0233 | P-value for trend 0.0141 | |||||
| Cigarette smoking (pack per day) | ||||||
| Never | 70 (38.4) | 23 (54.0) | Reference | 4 (17.4) | 380 (48.9) | Reference |
| Ex- or current smoker smoked <20 cigarettes per day | 38 (20.7) | 18 (35.3) | 0.66 (0.27–1.61) | 8 (34.8) | 180 (23.2) | 3.67 (0.94–14.28) |
| Ex- or current smoker smoked ⩾20 cigarettes per day | 76 (41.3) | 10 (19.6) | 4.11 (1.44–11.70) | 11 (47.8) | 217 (27.9) | 2.93 (0.79–10.95) |
| P-value for trend 0.0162 | P-value for trend 0.0905 | |||||
| BMI (kg m −2 ) a | ||||||
| <25 | 134 (72.8) | 31 (62.0) | Reference | 21 (91.3) | 442 (58.4) | Reference |
| 25–30 | 46 (25.0) | 16 (32.0) | 0.64 (0.29–1.42) | 2 (8.7) | 293 (38.7) | 0.16 (0.03–0.73) |
| ⩾30 | 4 (2.17) | 3 (6.0) | 0.19 (0.29–1.03) | 0 (0.0) | 22 (2.9) | — |
| P-value for trend 0.0794 | P-value for trend 0.0039 | |||||
Abbreviations: HBsAg=serologic marker of hepatitis B virus surface antigen; anti-HCV antibody=serologic marker of hepatitis C virus antibody; BMI=body mass index; OR=odds ratio; 95% CI=95% confidence interval.
a
Multiple logistic regression analysis adjusted for gender, age, marital status, family income, lifetime alcohol intake, cigarette smoking, and BMI as appropriate.