Table 3. Clinical outcome of basing repeat biopsy on the kallikrein model.
|
No. of biopsies
|
No. of cancers
|
No. of high-grade cancers
|
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Performed | Avoided (%) | Found | Not found (%) | Found | Not found (%) | |
| Biopsy all (i.e., PSA>3) | 1000 | 0 (0) | 119 | 0 (0) | 19 | 0 (0) |
| Biopsy if risk ⩾20% from the kallikrein model | 183 | 817 (82) | 52 | 67 (56) | 16 | 3 (16)a |
| Biopsy if risk ⩾15% from the kallikrein model | 288 | 712 (71) | 66 | 53 (45) | 16 | 3 (16)a |
| Biopsy if risk ⩾10% from the kallikrein model | 459 | 541 (54) | 82 | 37 (31) | 18 | 1 (5)a |
Abbreviation: PSA=prostate-specific antigen.
Numbers are given per 1000 men with elevated PSA (⩾3 ng ml−1).
a
All the high-grade cancers that were missed were Gleason 7. None of the cancers with Gleason score ⩾8 were missed.