Table 2.

Diagnosis-specific Spells of Sickness Absence (1990–1992)^a and Cause-specific Mortality (1990–2008) in the French GAZEL Cohort Study (n = 19,962)^b

Sickness Absence Category	Cancer (611 Deaths)		Cardiovascular Causes (186 Deaths)		Suicide (53 Deaths)		Other External Causes (61 Deaths)		Other Causes (210 Deaths)
	HR	95% CI	HR	95% CI	HR	95% CI	HR	95% CI	HR	95% CI
Models Adjusted for Age, Gender, Occupational Grade, and Sickness Absence due to Other Diagnoses
0 Spells	1.00		1.00		1.00		1.00		1.00
≥1 Spell with a psychiatric diagnosis	1.03	0.74, 1.43	1.84	1.10, 3.08	6.01	3.07, 11.75	1.60	0.62, 4.12	3.16	2.15, 4.64
≥1 Spell with a nonpsychiatric diagnosis	1.33	1.13, 1.58	1.54	1.13, 2.09	1.11	0.62, 1.99	1.35	0.78, 2.32	1.14	0.85, 1.52
≥1 Spell with a missing diagnosis	1.04	0.82, 1.32	1.26	0.83, 1.90	0.76	0.32, 1.81	0.78	0.33, 1.85	1.44	1.00, 2.06
Models Adjusted for Age, Gender, Occupational Grade, Sickness Absence due to Other Diagnoses, Marital Status, Tobacco Smoking, and Alcohol Use
0 Spells	1.00		1.00		1.00		1.00		1.00
≥1 Spell with a psychiatric diagnosis	0.91	0.66, 1.27	1.59	0.95, 2.66	5.13	2.60, 10.13	1.36	0.52, 3.54	2.55	1.73, 3.76
≥1 Spell with a nonpsychiatric diagnosis	1.33	1.12, 1.57	1.53	1.12, 2.07	1.10	0.61, 1.97	1.34	0.78, 2.31	1.11	0.83, 1.49
≥1 Spell with a missing diagnosis	0.99	0.78, 1.26	1.21	0.80, 1.82	0.71	0.30, 1.69	0.75	0.32, 1.77	1.33	0.93, 1.91

Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; HR, hazard ratio.

^aSickness absence groups are not mutually exclusive because participants may have spells in more than one category; results for each diagnostic category were therefore adjusted for the other 2 diagnostic categories.

^bCox regression models.