Figure 4. Diabetes enhances the expression of inflammatory cytokines in the retina of wt mice but not of ApoE- or TNFα deficient mice.

Expression of TNFα, IL-6, IL-1β, IFNγ and caspase-1 mRNA was measured by real time RT-PCR in intact retinas of control (white bars) and diabetic (black bars) wt, ApoE^−/−, TNFα^−/− and ApoE^−/−/TNFα^−/− mice. Values are normalized to the expression of cyclophilin B. *p<0.05 and **p<0.01 indicates differences to control wt mice.