Table 2.
Reported long-term cognitive outcomes for patients with congenital heart disease.
| Diagnosis | Reference | Number of Patients | Mean age at assessment (range) | Cohort prospectively identified | Surgical era | Full scale IQ (mean ± SD) or median (range) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CHD-mixed | Clarkson, 1980 [89] | 72 | 4y (2.4–7y) | No | 1969–71 | 93 ± 16 |
| Forbess, 2002 [87] | 243 | 5 y | No | 1993–2000 | 97 ± 16 | |
| Miatton, 2007 [75] | 43 | 8y | No | 1995–99 | 96 ± 15 | |
| TGA | Clarkson, 1980 [89] | 22 | 4y (2.4–7y) | No | 1969–71 | 90 ± 18 |
| Newberger, 1984 [74] | 33 | 5.8y (5.5–6.3y) | No | 1968–72 | 102 ± 15 | |
| Hesz, 1988 [84] | 10 | (6.5–14y) | No | 1967–84 | 92 ± 12 | |
| Oates, 1995 [73] | 30 | (9–10y) | No | 1972–82 | 100 ± 17 | |
| Ellerbeck, 1998 [88] | 54 | 8y | No | 1981–90 | 90 ± 21 | |
| Hovels-Gurich, 1997 [82] 2001 [94] |
77 60 |
5 y (3–9y) 10y (8–14y) |
Yes | 1986–92 | 99 ± 14 99 ± 17 |
|
| Bellinger, 1999 [91] 2003 [5] |
158 155 |
4y 8y (7–10y) |
Yes (Boston CA) |
1988–92 | 93+17 97+15 |
|
| Karl, 2004 [81] | 74 | 9y (4–14y) | No | 1988–94 | 102 ± 13 | |
| Brosig, 2007 [90] | 13 | (3.5–6y) | No | 1996–99 | 110 (90-126) | |
| Clarkson, 1980 [89] | 17 | 4y (2.4–7y) | No | 1969–71 | 88 ± 14 | |
| TOF | Oates, 1995 [73] | 51 | (9–10y) | No | 1972–82 | 100 ± 17 |
| Hovels-Gurich, 2006 [83] | 20 | 7y (5–12y) | Yes | 1993–99 | 91 ± 13 | |
| Miatton, 2007 [76] | 18 | 8y | No | 1994–99 | 95 ± 14 | |
| Clarkson, 1980 [89] | 16 | 4y (2.4–7y) | No | 1969–71 | 93 ± 15 | |
| TGA/TOF | Wright, 1994 [70] | 29 | 9.5y (7–12y) | No | 1979–84 | 94 ± 15 |
| VSD | Oates, 1995 [73] | 33 | (9–10y) | No | 1972–82 | 102 ± 12 |
| Hovels-Gurich, 2006 [83] | 20 | 7y (5–12y) | Yes | 1993–99 | 93 ± 12 | |
| SV | Wernovsky, 2000 [71] | 128 | 11y (3.7-41y) | No | 1973–91 | 96 ± 17 |
| Uzark, 1998 [72] | 32 | 2.5y (1.5–9.5y) | No | 1986–94 | 98 ± 12 | |
| Goldberg, 2000 [85] | 51 | 5y (2.8–8y) | No | 1989–96 | 101 ± 5 | |
| Forbess, 2002 [87] | 34 | 5 y | No | 1993–2000 | 90 ± 16 | |
| HLHS | Kern, 1998 [80] | 12 | 4y (3–6y) | No | 1990–96 | 80 ± 14 |
| Goldberg, 2000 [85] | 26 | 5y (2.8–8y) | No | 1989–96 | 94 ± 7 | |
| Mahle, 2000 [78] | 28 | 9y (6–13.6y) | No | 1984–91 | 86 (50–116) | |
| Mahle, 2006 [77] | 48 | 12y (8–17y) | No | 1986–94 | 86 ± 14 | |
| Brosig, 2007 [90] | 13 | (3.5–6y) | No | 1996–99 | 97 (71–112) |