Table 4.
Risk of CAP in relation to use of PPIs and H2 blockers
| PPI/H2 blocker use* | Cases (N=1,125) | Controls (N=2,235) | Odds Ratio (95% CI) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| n (%) | n (%) | Minimally adjusted† | Fully adjusted‡ | |
| No use | 741 (65.9) | 1670 (74.7) | 1.00 (Ref.) | 1.00 (Ref.) |
| Possible use | 143 (12.7) | 215 (9.6) | 1.52 (1.26, 1.82) | 1.28 (1.03, 1.59) |
| Current use | 241 (21.4) | 350 (15.7) | 1.56 (1.34, 1.81) | 1.03 (0.86, 1.24) |
Abbreviations: CAP, community-acquired pneumonia; CHF, congestive heart failure; CI, confidence interval; FEV1, forced expiratory volume in 1 second; H2 blocker, histamine type-2 receptor blocker; PPI, proton pump inhibitor; OR, odds ratio.
Current use is defined as having ≥2 fills of a PPI and/or H2 blocker, each with ≥ 30 days’ supply, within the 180 days prior to index date. Non-users had no fills for a PPI or H2 blocker in the 365 days prior to index date. Possible users had at least 1 fill of a H2 blocker or PPI within the 365 days prior to index date but did not meet criteria for current use.
Adjusted only for matching variables (age, sex, index date).
Adjusted for matching variables and for asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and history of COPD hospitalization, use of home oxygen, long term steroid use for lung disease, FEV1 measured, smoking status (current/recently quit, former, or never), congestive heart failure (CHF) and history of CHF hospitalization, ejection fraction measured, stroke, myocardial infarction, coronary revascularization, other heart disease, swallowing disorder, alcoholism, pneumococcal or influenza vaccination, number of outpatient visits, need for assistance with ambulation or bathing, dementia, frailty, and use of the following medications: inhaled bronchodilators, inhaled corticosteroids, oral corticosteroids, or furosemide.