Table 1.
Effect of ACEI/ARB blockade on hypertension
| Trial acronym (year of publication) | Population | Patient no. | Comparators | Mean follow-up duration | Major results |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ACEI | |||||
| CAPPP (1999) Hansson et al., 1999b | Aged 25–66 years | 10 985 | Captopril (50 mg daily) versus diuretics or beta-blockers | 6.1 years | No difference in major adverse cardiovascular end points. |
| STOP-2 (1999) Hansson et al., 1999a | Aged 70–84 years | 6614 | Beta-blocker or diuretic versus ACEI or calcium channel blockers | 54 months | No difference in major adverse cardiovascular end points. |
| HOPE (2000) Yusuf et al., 2000 | Aged ≥ 55 years with vascular disease or diabetes plus one other cardiovascular risk factor | 9297 | Ramipril (10 mg daily) versus placebo | 5.4 years | Ramipril associated with 26, 20, 32 and 33% reduction in cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, stroke and heart failure, respectively (all P < 0.01) |
| HYVET-Pilot (2003) Bulpitt et al., 2003 | Aged ≥ 80 years | 1283 | Diuretics versus ACEI versus no treatment | 13 months | ACEI was associated with a 53% reduction in stroke and 43% reduction in stroke mortality (P < 0.01) |
| HYVET (2008) Beckett et al., 2008 | Aged ≥ 80 years | 3845 | Indapamide (sustained release 1.5 mg daily) ± perindopril (2 or 4 mg daily) versus placebo | 1.8 years | ACEI was associated with 21% reduction in all cause mortality (P = 0.02) and 64% reduction in heart failure (P < 0.001) |
| ACCOMPLISH (2008) Jamerson et al., 2008 | High cardiovascular risk | 11 506 | Benazepril (20 mg) + amlodipine (5 mg daily) versus benazepril (20 mg) + hydrochlorothiazide (12.5 mg daily) | 36 months | Benazepril/amlodipine was associated 20% reduction in cardiovascular end points (P < 0.001) |
| ARB | |||||
| LIFE (2002) Dahlöf et al., 2002 | Aged 55–80 years | 9193 | Losartan (mean dose 82 mg) versus atenolol (mean dose 79 mg) | 4.8 years | Losartan was associated with 13 and 25% reduction in composite end points (P = 0.02) and stroke (P = 0.001) respectively |
| VALUE (2004) Julius et al., 2004 | Aged ≥ 50 years | 15 245 | Valsartan (80 mg daily) versus amlodipine (5 mg daily) | 4.2 years | No difference in composite primary end points. Amlodipine group had fewer myocardial infarction than valsartan group (11.4 vs. 9.6%, P = 0.02) |