. 2010 Jul;160(6):1408–1416. doi: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2010.00793.x

Table 1.

Haemodynamics, β-adrenoceptor density and noradrenaline concentration, morphology and MAP kinase activation during the progression of HF

	Sham	HF1	HF2	HF3
Heart rate (bpm)	224 ± 5	263 ± 10^A	277 ± 10^A	258 ± 15
LVEDD (mm)	17.0 ± 0.3	18.7 ± 0.4^A	19.3 ± 0.3^A	19.6 ± 0.5^A ^B
Fractional shortening (%)	30.0 ± 1.7	19.1 ± 0.7^A	15.9 ± 0.7^A	10.3 ± 1.3^A ^B
Noradrenaline (ng·mL⁻¹)	1.33 ± 0.17	2.87 ± 0.69^A	4.03 ± 0.81^A	3.83 ± 0.64^A
ß-Adrenoceptor density (fmol·mg⁻¹)	67 ± 5	45 ± 2^A	47 ± 2^A	41 ± 3^A
Cardiomyocyte cross-sectional area (µm²)	242 ± 11	266 ± 4	299 ± 8^A ^B	334 ± 7^A ^B ^C
Number of TUNEL-positive cardiomyocytes [/(1000*mm²)]	4 ± 2	23 ± 5^A	16 ± 4	50 ± 8^A ^B ^C
Phospho p38-MAPK/total p38-MAPK (relative to sham)	1.00 ± 0.24	0.54 ± 0.09	0.65 ± 0.24	2.34 ± 0.54^A ^B ^C
Phospho HSP27/total HSP27 (relative to sham)	1.00 ± 0.42	1.75 ± 0.24	1.01 ± 0.14	2.58 ± 0.60^A ^C

Mean ± SEM.

p < 0.05 versus Sham.

p < 0.05 versus HF1.

p < 0.05 versus HF2.

HF1, heart failure rabbits, 1 week (n = 7); HF2, heart failure rabbits, 2 weeks (n = 7); HF3, heart failure rabbits, 3 weeks (n = 8); LVEDD, left ventricular end-diastolic diameter; Sham, sham-operated rabbits (n = 7); TUNEL, TdT-mediated dUTP nick end labelling.