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. 2010 Sep 1;33(9):1236–1243. doi: 10.1093/sleep/33.9.1236

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© 2010 Associated Professional Sleep Societies, LLC.

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Schematic presentation of the sites of hypocretin-1 injection in the pons of 5 cats (A). All injection sites, which are indicated by filled circles, are mapped onto coronal brainstem sections at levels P 2.5 and P 3.0. Hypnograms of the effects of (B) the injection of hypocretin-1 during quiet sleep (QS), (C) the injection of saline during QS, (D) the injection of hypocretin-1 during wakefulness (W), and (E) the injection of saline during W from a representative cat. The injection of hypocretin-1 (vertical arrow in B), which was carried out during QS, immediately induced an episode of active sleep (AS). In contrast, the injection of hypocretin-1 during W (vertical arrow in D) induced long-duration episodes of W and blocked the subsequent occurrence of AS for more than 1 hour. bc refers to the brachium conjunctivum; bp, brachium pontis; cp, cerebral peduncle; DR, dorsal raphe nucleus; IC, inferior colliculus; PPT, pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus.