Table 4. Healthy lifestyle scores and risk of all-cause, cardiovascular, and cancer mortality among nonsmoking and nondrinking women aged 40–70 y at baseline (n = 63,791), Shanghai Women's Health Study, 1996–2007.
| Lifestyle Score | Percent | All-Cause (n = 2,302 deaths) | CVD (n = 605) | Cancer (n = 1,113) | ||||||
| n Deaths | HR | (95% CI) | n Deaths | HR | (95% CI) | n Deaths | HR | (95% CI) | ||
| Score 1 | ||||||||||
| 0–2 | 13.2 | 507 | 1.00 | (Reference) | 163 | 1.00 | (Reference) | 204 | 1.00 | (Reference) |
| 3 | 16.6 | 465 | 0.84 | (0.74–0.95) | 125 | 0.72 | (0.57–0.92) | 205 | 0.89 | (0.73–1.08) |
| 4 | 22.4 | 497 | 0.78 | (0.69–0.89) | 132 | 0.70 | (0.56–0.89) | 241 | 0.88 | (0.73–1.06) |
| 5 | 22.1 | 415 | 0.70 | (0.62–0.80) | 105 | 0.61 | (0.48–0.78) | 214 | 0.82 | (0.68–1.00) |
| 6 | 15.8 | 270 | 0.66 | (0.57–0.77) | 55 | 0.47 | (0.34–0.64) | 154 | 0.85 | (0.68–1.05) |
| 7–9 | 10.1 | 148 | 0.53 | (0.43–0.63) | 25 | 0.31 | (0.20–0.48) | 95 | 0.76 | (0.59–0.97) |
| Trend test | P<0.001 | P<0.001 | P = 0.022 | |||||||
| Score 2 | ||||||||||
| 0 | 10.8 | 363 | 1.00 | (Reference) | 123 | 1.00 | (Reference) | 153 | 1.00 | (Reference) |
| 1 | 29.9 | 801 | 0.93 | (0.82–1.05) | 219 | 0.77 | (0.62–0.96) | 376 | 1.00 | (0.83–1.20) |
| 2 | 34.6 | 723 | 0.84 | (0.74–0.95) | 180 | 0.66 | (0.52–0.83) | 353 | 0.90 | (0.74–1.09) |
| 3 | 19.5 | 343 | 0.75 | (0.64–0.87) | 72 | 0.51 | (0.38–0.68) | 186 | 0.87 | (0.70–1.09) |
| 4–5 | 5.2 | 72 | 0.57 | (0.44–0.74) | 11 | 0.29 | (0.16–0.54) | 45 | 0.76 | (0.54–1.06) |
| Trend test | p<0.001 | p<0.001 | p = 0.030 | |||||||
| Total PARa | 33.4 | 58.7 | 18.9 | |||||||
All HRs are estimated from Cox proportional hazards regression models with age as the time-scale and are adjusted for education, occupation, and income. Range for score 1, 0–13 possible points; range for score 2, 0–5 possible points.
a
Estimated by summing exposure-category specific PARs from score 0 to 3 using the group with score 4–5 as the reference.