Table 2.
Peak values for measures with a significant effect of drug condition. Bolded values are significantly different from placebo.
| Morphine (mg) | Oxycodone (mg) | Hydrocodone (mg) | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Outcome Measure | Placebo | 5 | 10 | 20 | 5 | 10 | 20 | 5 | 10 | 20 |
| Physiological | ||||||||||
| Pupil Diameter* | 3.9 | 3.4 | 3.0 | 2.6 | 2.8 | 2.6 | 2.4 | 3.2 | 3.0 | 2.8 |
| Oxygen Saturation * | 97.1 | 96.9 | 96.4 | 95.6 | 96.2 | 95.5 | 94.0 | 96.7 | 96.0 | 95.4 |
| Subject-rated | ||||||||||
| Visual analogs | ||||||||||
| High | 4.7 | 27.4 | 30.1 | 49.8 | 26.6 | 37.7 | 55.8 | 12.8 | 27.2 | 40.1 |
| Drug effect | 5.0 | 30.1 | 32.9 | 51.4 | 26.2 | 39.0 | 55.4 | 14.7 | 31.3 | 43.2 |
| Like | 5.3 | 38.7 | 37.2 | 53.6 | 28.0 | 44.2 | 59.3 | 17.3 | 34.7 | 41.7 |
| Bad effect | 1.3 | 22.2 | 10.8 | 10.3 | 2.0 | 0.6 | 4.8 | 0.6 | 2.9 | 12.3 |
| Difficulty concentrating | 0.6 | 1.2 | 0.0 | 9.1 | 0.7 | 8.4 | 15.8 | 0.0 | 5.4 | 2.8 |
| ARCI | ||||||||||
| PCAG | 4.6 | 4.4 | 4.7 | 4.8 | 5.7 | 5.3 | 6.4 | 3.9 | 5.8 | 4.8 |
| AMPH | 2.6 | 2.9 | 3.3 | 4.7 | 2.9 | 3.6 | 3.9 | 2.7 | 2.9 | 3.6 |
| MBG | 1.7 | 4.8 | 5.2 | 9.1 | 4.8 | 6.2 | 8.4 | 3.9 | 5.8 | 6.9 |
| Agonist scale | 9.8 | 14.6 | 14.1 | 18.1 | 14.3 | 17.6 | 19.9 | 13.4 | 14.7 | 16.9 |
| Ocular tasks | ||||||||||
| Maddox wing | 4.1 | 4.3 | 5.0 | 6.3 | 5.2 | 6.3 | 7.3 | 4.8 | 5.8 | 6.6 |
| Flicker/fusion * (#1) | 33.8 | 32.0 | 32.1 | 30.2 | 31.9 | 33.2 | 30.5 | 31.7 | 33.6 | 31.6 |
| Flicker/fusion * (#2) | 33.7 | 31.3 | 31.0 | 29.5 | 32.1 | 32.8 | 30.2 | 31.5 | 33.4 | 31.9 |
Measures were analyzed as peak maximum score unless nadir is indicated (*). Values are mean scores (n = 9) for placebo, morphine, oxycodone and hydrocodone.