Table 2.
Frequency of parasomnia symptoms in subjects with VBS
| No-VBS (n=19,648) |
VBS (n=313) |
Crude OR (95% C.I.) |
|
|---|---|---|---|
| Sleepwalking | 1.1 | 9.9 | 9.6 (6.5–14.3)* |
| Sleep terrors | 2.2 | 16.9 | 9.1 (6.7–12.4)* |
| Confusional arousals | 3.7 | 17.3 | 5.5 (4.2–7.2)* |
| Nightmares | 6.2 | 25.9 | 5.7 (4.1–6.8)* |
| Hypnagogic hallucinations | 24.6 | 55.0 | 3.7 (3.0–4.7)* |
| Hypnopompic hallucinations | 7.1 | 15.1 | 2.3 (1.7–3.2)* |
| Sleep paralysis | 2.6 | 7.0 | 2.7 (1.8–4.3)* |
| Number of REM parasomniaa | |||
| 0 | 67.4 | 31.6 | 1.0 |
| 1 | 25.6 | 39.3 | 3.3 (2.5–4.3)* |
| 2 or more | 7.0 | 29.1 | 8.8 (6.6–11.8)* |
a
REM parasomnia symptoms: nightmares, sleep paralysis, hypnagogic and hypnopompic hallucinations
*
p<.001