Table 3.
Factors associated with VBS in logistic regression model
| OR | 95% C.I. | P= | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age groups | |||
| <= 24 | 3.0 | (1.9–4.7) | 0.0001 |
| 25–34 | 2.4 | (1.5–3.9) | 0.0001 |
| 35–44 | 1.6 | (1.0–2.6) | n.s. |
| 45–54 | 1.5 | (0.9–2.4) | n.s. |
| 55–64 | 1.0 | (0.6–1.8) | n.s. |
| >= 65 | 1.0 | ||
| Gender | |||
| Female | 1.0 | ||
| Male | 1.6 | (1.0–1.6) | 0.0001 |
| Country | |||
| United Kingdom | 1.0 | ||
| Germany | 1.2 | (0.9–1.7) | n.s. |
| Italy | 1.5 | (1.1–2.1) | 0.02 |
| Portugal | 0.6 | (0.3–0.9) | n.s. |
| Spain | 0.6 | (0.3–0.8) | 0.046 |
| Finland | 0.6 | (0.3–1.2) | n.s. |
| Breathing pauses during sleepa | 1.8 | (1.8–2.8) | 0.008 |
| Early morning awakeninga | 1.4 | (1.0–1.9) | 0.038 |
| Excessive daytime sleepinessa | 2.1 | (1.6–2.8) | 0.000 |
| Hypnagogic hallucinationsa | 2.5 | (1.9–3.2) | 0.000 |
| Nightmaresa | 2.0 | (1.5–2.7) | 0.000 |
| Sleep paralysisa | 2.0 | (1.2–3.4) | 0.008 |
| Sleep terrorsa | 3.5 | (2.4–5.2) | 0.000 |
| Sleepwalkinga | 3.8 | (2.4–5.9) | 0.000 |
| Mood disordera | 1.8 | (1.3–2.5) | 0.001 |
| Physical illnessa | 1.6 | (1.1–2.2) | 0.006 |
a
Categories of reference: Absence of the symptom
Non-significant variables were: occupation, level of stress, sleep satisfaction, difficulty initiating sleep, difficulty maintaining sleep, non-restorative sleep, smoking, daily alcohol intake, daily coffee intake, alcohol at bedtime, psychotropic medications, use of street drugs, anxiety disorders, hypnopompic hallucinations. Model calculated using all participants (N=19,961)