Table 1.
Demographic and clinical characteristics and lead biomarkers among participants in the Normative Aging Study (N = 825).
| Mean ± SD | Range | |
|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 67.2 ± 7.3 | 48 – 94 |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 27.9 ± 3.9 | 16.7 – 44.9 |
| Height (cm) | 173.2 ± 6.7 | 150.2 – 195.6 |
| Weight (kg) | 83.9 ± 13.3 | 52.7 – 134.8 |
| Hip circumference (cm) | 101.9 ± 7.4 | 83.2 – 140.2 |
| Waist circumference (cm) | 98.5 ± 9.8 | 70.1 ± 140.6 |
| Systolic blood pressure (mm Hg) | 135.8 ± 17.3 | 91 – 215 |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mm Hg) | 81.4 ± 9.6 | 51 – 119 |
| Serum creatinine (mg/dL) | 1.2 ± 0.36 | 0.6 – 9.0 |
| Serum uric acid (mg/dL) | 6.4 ± 1.3 | 2.9 – 10.6 |
| Serum calcium (mg/dL) | 9.5 ± 0.42 | 8.3 – 11.3 |
| Serum phosphorus (mg/dL) | 3.1 ± 0.48 | 1.8 – 4.6 |
| Serum triglyceride (mg/dL) | 154.5 ± 95.3 | 24 – 795 |
| Total cholesterol (mg/dL) | 227.2 ± 37.4 | 80 – 438 |
| High density lipoprotein (mg/dL) | 48.2 ± 12.5 | 15 – 131 |
| Hematocrit (%) | 43.8 ± 3.1 | 29 – 52 |
| Alcohol intake (g/day) | 13.0 ± 17.9 | 0 – 104.1 |
| Physical activity (kcal/week) | 2,471 ± 2,041 | 196 – 14,896 |
| Cumulative cigarette (pack-years) | 21.7 ± 25.3 | 0 – 136 |
| Number of years smoked cigarettes (years) | 17.1 ± 16.1 | 0 – 58 |
| Lead biomarkers | ||
| Blood lead (μg/dL) | 6.0 ± 4.0 | 0 – 35 |
| Tibia lead (μg/g) | 21.9 ± 13.6 | -5 – 126 |
| Measurement uncertainty (μg/g) | 5.6 ± 1.1 | 0.5 – 10 |
| Patella lead (μg/g) | 31.1 ± 19.5 | -10 – 165 |
| Measurement uncertainty (μg/g) | 7.0 ± 1.4 | 1.0 – 14.3 |
| N (%) | ||
| Smoking status | ||
| Never | 247 (29.9) | |
| Former | 510 (61.8) | |
| Current | 68 (8.2) | |
| Education | ||
| High school dropout | 85 (10.3) | |
| High school graduate and some college | 503 (61.0) | |
| ≥ 4 years of college | 237 (28.7) | |
| White collar | 435 (52.9) | |
| Diagnosis of cancer | 119 (14.5) | |
| Diagnosis of diabetes | 55 (6.7) | |
| Diagnosis of hypertension | 340 (41.4) | |
| Diagnosis of ischemic heart disease | 134 (16.3) | |