Fig. 5.

Resveratrol inhibited the levels of proinflammatory factors produced by LPS-activated microglia. Primary neuron-glia cultures were pretreated with resveratrol for 30 min before 10 ng/ml LPS stimulation. The supernatant was collected in the following time point after LPS treatment: 3 h for TNFα assay; and 24 h for nitrite (an indicator of NO production) and IL-1β assays. The release of TNFα and IL-1β was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and the production of NO was accessed by Griess reagent (A). The mRNA expression of proinflammatory factors was measured by real-time RT-PCR at different time after LPS treatment: 1 h for TNFα and 3 h for IL-1β and iNOS (B). Twelve and 24 h after LPS treatment, the total protein was harvested, respectively, to detect the levels of iNOS using Western blotting assay (C). Results were the mean ± S.E.M. from three independent experiments performed in triplicate. #, p < 0.05 compared with control cultures; *, p < 0.05 compared with LPS-treated cultures.