Table 1.
Baseline characteristics, formal service use, and survival of community-dwelling elders in a city in Japan
| Informal care-giving arrangement (kinship of main family caregiver) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (main two categories) | (other three categories) | |||||
| All | Spousal care |
Daughter-in-law care |
Biological daughter care |
Other relative care |
Living alone |
|
| n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | |
| 191 (100 | 58 (100.0) | 58 (100.0) | 27 (100.0) | 25 (100.0) | 23 (100.0) | |
| Baseline characteristics | ||||||
| Care recipient's gender | ||||||
| Female | 129 (67.5) | 19 (32.8) | 48 (82.8) | 24 (88.9) | 20 (80.0) | 18 (78.3) |
| Male | 62 (32.5) | 39 (67.2) | 10 (17.2) | 3 (11.1) | 5 (20.0) | 5 (21.7) |
| Care recipient's age-group (year) | ||||||
| 65-79 | 80 (41.9) | 38 (65.5) | 20 (34.5) | 4 (14.8) | 11 (44.0) | 7 (30.4) |
| 80-89 | 81 (42.4) | 18 (31.0) | 23 (39.7) | 18 (66.7) | 9 (36.0) | 13 (56.5) |
| 90- | 29 (15.2) | 2 (3.5) | 15 (25.9) | 5 (18.5) | 4 (16.0) | 3 (13.0) |
| Baseline care needs level | ||||||
| Assistance required | 24 (12.6) | 2 (3.5) | 7 (12.1) | 5 (18.5) | 4 (16.0) | 6 (26.1) |
| Care needs level 1 and 2 | 105 (55.0) | 34 (58.6) | 32 (55.2) | 15 (55.6) | 11 (44.0) | 13 (56.5) |
| Care needs level 3, 4 and 5 | 50 (26.2) | 18 (31.0) | 18 (31.0) | 7 (25.9) | 5 (20.0) | 2 (8.7) |
| Number of people living together | ||||||
| 0-5 | 153 (80.1) | 46 (79.3) | 39 (67.4) | 24 (88.9) | 22 (88.0) | 22 (95.7) |
| 6- | 35 (18.3) | 11 (19.0) | 19 (32.8) | 3 (11.1) | 2 (8.0) | 0 (0.0) |
| Care-giver's age-group (year)* | ||||||
| -49 | 37 (19.4) | 1 (1.7) | 21 (36.2) | 7 (25.9) | 8 (40.0) | - |
| 50-59 | 38 (19.9) | 2 (3.5) | 18 (31.0) | 12 (44.4) | 6 (30.0) | - |
| 60-69 | 40 (20.9) | 17 (29.3) | 12 (20.7) | 7 (25.9) | 4 (20.0) | - |
| 70- | 47 (24.6) | 38 (65.5) | 6 (10.3) | 1 (3.7) | 2 (10.0) | - |
| Formal service use in follow-up | ||||||
| Daycare service use | ||||||
| No | 46 (24.1) | 19 (32.8) | 6 (10.3) | 4 (14.8) | 10 (40.0) | 7 (30.4) |
| Yes | 145 (75.9) | 39 (67.4) | 52 (89.7) | 23 (85.2) | 15 (60.0) | 16 (69.6) |
| Home help service use | ||||||
| No | 86 (45.0) | 25 (43.1) | 31 (53.5) | 15 (55.6) | 11 (44.0) | 4 (17.4) |
| Yes | 105 (55.0) | 33 (56.9) | 27 (46.6) | 12 (44.4) | 14 (56.0) | 19 (82.6) |
| Home-visit nursing service use | ||||||
| No | 151 (79.1) | 45 (77.6) | 46 (79.3) | 18 (66.7) | 22 (88.0) | 20 (87.0) |
| Yes | 40 (20.9) | 13 (22.4) | 12 (20.7) | 9 (33.3) | 3 (12.0) | 3 (13.0) |
| Respite stay service use | ||||||
| No | 139 (72.8) | 39 (67.2) | 40 (69.0) | 16 (59.3) | 23 (92.0) | 21 (91.3) |
| Yes | 52 (27.2) | 19 (32.8) | 18 (31.3) | 11 (40.7) | 2 (8.0) | 2 (8.7) |
| Institutional care service use | ||||||
| No | 131 (68.6) | 33 (56.9) | 47 (81.3) | 16 (59.3) | 18 (72.0) | 17 (73.9) |
| Yes | 60 (31.4) | 25 (43.1) | 11 (19.0) | 11 (40.7) | 7 (28.0) | 6 (26.1) |
| Cumulative survival rate | (%) | (%) | (%) | (%) | (%) | (%) |
| All | ||||||
| After 24-month follow-up | 79.4 | 77.6 | 74.0 | 88.9 | 83.3 | 82.6 |
| After 48-month follow-up | 66.0 | 63.5 | 56.4 | 74.1 | 70.8 | 82.6 |
| Male | ||||||
| After 24-month follow-up | 72.6 | 71.8 | 80.0 | 100.0 | 60.0 | 60.0 |
| After 48-month follow-up | 57.6 | 53.2 | 80.0 | 66.7 | 40.0 | 60.0 |
| Female | ||||||
| After 24-month follow-up | 82.7 | 89.5 | 72.7 | 87.5 | 89.5 | 88.9 |
| After 48-month follow-up | 70.0 | 84.2 | 51.3 | 75.0 | 79.0 | 88.9 |
* The 29 missing data included all the 23 older people living alone.