Table 4.

Cardiovascular disease and the risk of cognitive impairment in COPD

Cardiovascular disease	Risk of cognitive impairment
	Unadjusted OR (95% CI)	Multivariable OR (95% CI)†
Stroke (n = 68; 4.5%)	0.81 (0.25–2.66) P = 0.73	0.78 (0.23–2.61) P = 0.68
Other cardiovascular disease (n = 841; 56%)*	1.57 (0.92–2.69) P = 0.10	1.30 (0.74–2.31) P = 0.36

^*hypertension, coronary artery disease, or congestive heart failure.

^†Multivariable logistic regression analysis including age, sex, race, educational attainment, and smoking history.

Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; OR, odds ratio.