Table 3.
Metabolic and Morphologic Data
| HIV-Positive Subjects According to Type of ART Regimen |
|||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| NNRTI containing regimen (n=33) | PI containing regimen (n=36) | Non-NNRTI/non-PI containing regimen (n=19) |
p-valuea |
||||
| HIV-negative (n=61) | ART naïve (n=85) | Overall (n=234) | HIV+ only (N=173) | ||||
| Anthropometric Measurements: | |||||||
| BMI distribution: | n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | ||
| Underweight (<18.5) | 5 (8.2) | 4 (4.7) | 1 (3.0) | 1 (2.8) | 1 (5.3) | 0.96 | 0.99 |
| Normal (18.5-24.9) | 29 (47.5) | 40 (47.1) | 12 (36.4) | 15 (41.7) | 9 (47.4) | ||
| Overweight (25.0-29.9) | 11 (18.0) | 16 (18.8) | 6 (18.2) | 7 (19.4) | 4 (21.1) | ||
| Obese (≥30) | 16 (26.2) | 25 (29.4) | 14 (42.4) | 13 (36.1) | 5 (26.3) | ||
| Mean (SE) | Mean (SE) | Mean (SE) | Mean (SE) | Mean (SE) | |||
| BMI (kg/m2) | 26.5 ± 1.0 | 27.5 ± 0.8 | 29.0 ± 1.3 | 28.0 ± 1.3 | 27.0 ± 1.7 | 0.62 | 0.72 |
| Height (cm) | 162.8 ± 1.0 | 162.1 ± 0.8 | 162.7 ± 1.3 | 162.9 ± 1.2 | 162.2 ± 1.7 | 0.97 | 0.94 |
| Weight (kg) | 70.4 ± 2.8 | 72.5 ± 2.4 | 77.5 ± 3.8 | 74.4 ± 3.6 | 71.1 ± 5.0 | 0.64 | 0.66 |
| Waist circumference (cm) | 83.9 ± 2.2 | 85.8 ± 1.8 | 91.1 ± 2.9 | 90.9 ± 2.8 | 87.7 ± 3.8 | 0.17 | 0.30 |
| Hip circumference (cm) | 103.2 ± 2.1 | 102.6 ± 1.7 | 106.0 ± 2.8 | 105.2 ± 2.6 | 101.7 ± 3.6 | 0.79 | 0.63 |
| Waist-to-hip ratio | 0.81 ± 0.02 | 0.83 ± 0.01 | 0.86 ± 0.02 | 0.86 ± 0.02 | 0.92 ± 0.03* | 0.02 | 0.11 |
| DXA Measurements: | |||||||
| Total body mass (kg/m) | 42.8 ± 1.5 | 43.5 ± 1.3 | 45.7 ± 2.2 | 45.0 ± 2.1 | 43.3 ± 3.0 | 0.81 | 0.77 |
| Total lean body mass (kg/m) | 25.2 ± 0.5 | 25.6 ± 0.4 | 27.0 ± 0.7 | 26.1 ± 0.7 | 26.5 ± 1.0 | 0.35 | 0.41 |
| Total body fat (kg/m) | 16.1 ± 1.1 | 16.4 ± 1.0 | 17.2 ± 1.6 | 17.5 ± 1.5 | 15.3 ± 2.2 | 0.90 | 0.79 |
| Total body fat (%) | 35.5 ± 1.3 | 35.0 ± 1.1 | 35.9 ± 1.9 | 37.0 ± 1.8 | 33.8 ± 2.5 | 0.86 | 0.69 |
| Mean (SE) | Mean (SE) | Mean (SE) | Mean (SE) | Mean (SE) | |||
| Trunk fat (kg/m) | 7.3 ± 0.6 | 7.4 ± 0.5 | 7.9 ± 0.8 | 8.2 ± 0.8 | 7.3 ± 1.1 | 0.88 | 0.78 |
| Arm fat (kg/m) | 1.6 ± 0.1 | 1.6 ± 0.1 | 1.7 ± 0.2 | 1.7 ± 0.2 | 1.6 ± 0.2 | 0.98 | 0.98 |
| Leg fat (kg/m) | 6.7 ± 0.5 | 6.7 ± 0.4 | 6.9 ± 0.7 | 7.1 ± 0.6 | 5.8 ± 0.9 | 0.84 | 0.67 |
| Metabolic Measurements: b | |||||||
| Triglycerides (mg/dL) | 65.0 ± 6.9 | 84.2 ± 5.8* | 126.2 ± 9.2*† | 106.7 ± 8.8* | 102.6 ± 12.2* | <0.0001 | 0.008 |
| Total cholesterol (mg/dL) | 154.4 ± 4.0 | 152.3 ± 3.4 | 167.8 ± 5.4*† | 173.3 ± 5.1*† | 148.7 ± 7.1 | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| HDL cholesterol (mg/dL) | 48.5 ± 1.6 | 40.5 ± 1.3* | 43.3 ± 2.1 | 46.1 ± 2.0 | 38.8 ± 2.8* | 0.001 | 0.10 |
| LDL cholesterol (mg/dL) | 93.0 ± 3.6 | 95.1 ± 3.0 | 96.3 ± 4.9 | 105.9 ± 4.6 | 89.5 ± 6.3 | 0.16 | 0.14 |
| Non-HDL cholesterol (mg/dL) | 106.0 ± 4.2 | 111.9 ± 3.5 | 124.5 ± 5.6* | 127.2 ± 5.3* | 109.9 ± 7.4 | 0.008 | 0.06 |
| Glucose (mg/dL) | 88.4 ± 1.0 | 85.4 ± 0.8 | 87.9 ± 1.3 | 86.5 ± 1.2 | 87.4 ± 1.7 | 0.17 | 0.35 |
| 2-h glucose (mg/dL) | 92.2 ± 3.1 | 93.1 ± 2.6 | 93.8 ± 4.2 | 98.3 ± 4.0 | 105.6 ± 5.4 | 0.21 | 0.23 |
| Insulin (μIU/mL; log10)c | 1.01 ± 0.04 | 1.02 ± 0.03 | 1.04 ± 0.05 | 0.98 ± 0.05 | 1.10 ± 0.07 | 0.74 | 0.54 |
| 2-h insulin (μIU/mL; log10)c | 1.68 ± 0.05 | 1.68 ± 0.04 | 1.60 ± 0.07 | 1.68 ± 0.06 | 1.70 ± 0.09 | 0.84 | 0.72 |
| Pro-insulin (pmol/L) | 12.9 ± 1.4 | 11.6 ± 1.2 | 14.3 ± 1.9 | 13.3 ± 1.8 | 18.8 ± 2.5 | 0.14 | 0.12 |
| 2-h pro-insulin (pmol/L) | 51.5 ± 5.6 | 47.0 ± 4.7 | 50.5 ± 7.5 | 50.0 ± 7.1 | 52.9 ± 10.0 | 0.97 | 0.96 |
| Mean (SE) | Mean (SE) | Mean (SE) | Mean (SE) | Mean (SE) | |||
| C-peptide (ng/dL) | 2.7 ± 0.2 | 2.7 ± 0.1 | 2.9 ± 0.2 | 2.8 ± 0.2 | 3.3 ± 0.3 | 0.53 | 0.41 |
| 2-h C-peptide (ng/dL) | 7.2 ± 0.4 | 7.2 ± 0.4 | 7.6 ± 0.6 | 7.2 ± 0.6 | 7.2 ± 0.8 | 0.99 | 0.97 |
| Log10 HOMA-IRc | 0.35 ± 0.04 | 0.34 ± 0.04 | 0.37 ± 0.06 | 0.31 ± 0.06 | 0.44 ± 0.08 | 0.74 | 0.53 |
| HS-C-reactive protein (mg/L) | 2.2 ± 0.8 | 2.9 ± 0.7 | 5.7 ± 1.1*† | 3.8 ± 1.1 | 7.5 ± 1.5*† | 0.006 | 0.04 |
Description of metabolic and morphologic characteristics of the study population according to HIV status and type of antiretroviral therapy (ART) regimen currently receiving, based on race-adjusted analyses.
a
P-values for categorical measures were obtained from the Fisher's Exact test and for continuous measures from linear regression modeling.
b
Fasting unless otherwise noted
c
Log-transformed results are reported for fasting and 2-h insulin and HOMA-IR because the distributions were skewed
*
P<0.05 using HIV-negative subjects as the comparison group
†
P<0.05 using HIV-infected, ART naïve subjects as the comparison group
DXA: dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry
HOMA-IR: Homeostasis model of insulin resistance [14]