Table 5.
Healthy Pathways Child-Report Scales items, response categories, source instruments, and descriptive statistics
| Scale/item | Response categories | Source instruments | Item descriptive statistics | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CHIP-CE | CHIP-AE | Other | Floor (%) | Ceiling (%) | Mean (SD) | ||
| Physical comfort | |||||||
| In the past 4 weeks, how often did you wake up feeling tired? | Always (1)-Almost Always (2)-Sometimes (3)-Almost Never (4)-Never (5) | √ | 27.4 | 9.7 | 2.6 (1.3) | ||
| In the past 4 weeks, how often did you have a cough? | Always (1)-Almost Always (2)-Sometimes (3)-Almost Never (4)-Never (5) | √ | √ | 7.6 | 18.3 | 3.3 (1.1) | |
| In the past 4 weeks, how often did you have trouble falling or staying asleep? | Always (1)-Almost Always (2)-Sometimes (3)-Almost Never (4)-Never (5) | √ | √ | 9.1 | 38.6 | 3.7 (1.3) | |
| In the past 4 weeks, how often did you have pain that really bothered you? | Always (1)-Almost Always (2)-Sometimes (3)-Almost Never (4)-Never (5) | √ | √ | 4.5 | 32.5 | 3.7 (1.1) | |
| In the past 4 weeks, how often did you have a head ache? | Always (1)-Almost Always (2)-Sometimes (3)-Almost Never (4)-Never (5) | √ | √ | 3.5 | 27.0 | 3.6 (1.1) | |
| In the past 4 weeks, how often did you have a bad stomach ache? | Always (1)-Almost Always (2)-Sometimes (3)-Almost Never (4)-Never (5) | √ | √ | 2.3 | 32.3 | 3.8 (1.0) | |
| In the past 4 weeks, how often did you have a sore throat? | Always (1)-Almost Always (2)-Sometimes (3)-Almost Never (4)-Never (5) | √ | 0.8 | 41.3 | 4.0 (1.0) | ||
| In the past 4 weeks, how often did you have trouble breathing? | Always (1)-Almost Always (2)-Sometimes (3)-Almost Never (4)-Never (5) | √ | √ | 1.3 | 70.6 | 4.5 (0.9) | |
| Emotional comfort | |||||||
| In the past 4 weeks, how often did you feel grouchy? | Always (1)-Almost Always (2)-Sometimes (3)-Almost Never (4)-Never (5) | √ | √ | 6.1 | 24.3 | 3.5 (1.1) | |
| In the past 4 weeks, how often were you moody? | Always (1)-Almost Always (2)-Sometimes (3)-Almost Never (4)-Never (5) | √ | √ | 5.9 | 34.1 | 3.7 (1.2) | |
| In the past 4 weeks, how often did you have trouble relaxing? | Always (1)-Almost Always (2)-Sometimes (3)-Almost Never (4)-Never (5) | √ | √ | 5.6 | 42.3 | 3.9 (1.2) | |
| In the past 4 weeks, how often did you feel really worried? | Always (1)-Almost Always (2)-Sometimes (3)-Almost Never (4)-Never (5) | √ | 3.5 | 39.4 | 3.9 (1.1) | ||
| In the past 4 weeks, how often did you feel really sad? | Always (1)-Almost Always (2)-Sometimes (3)-Almost Never (4)-Never (5) | √ | √ | 3.0 | 42.1 | 4.0 (1.1) | |
| In the past 4 weeks, how often did you feel nervous? | Always (1)-Almost Always (2)-Sometimes (3)-Almost Never (4)-Never (5) | √ | √ | 2.2 | 35.6 | 3.9 (1.0) | |
| In the past 4 weeks, how often did you feel afraid? | Always (1)-Almost Always (2)-Sometimes (3)-Almost Never (4)-Never (5) | √ | √ | 1.5 | 58.4 | 4.3 (0.9) | |
| Negative stress reactions | |||||||
| Thoughts about the problems would just pop into my head. | Very Likely (1)-Likely (2)-Somewhat Likely (3)-Unlikely (4)-Very Unlikely (5) | a | 16.3 | 13.0 | 2.9 (1.3) | ||
| It’s really hard for me to concentrate or pay attention when I have problems in class. | Very Likely (1)-Likely (2)-Somewhat Likely (3)-Unlikely (4)-Very Unlikely (5) | a | 14.5 | 19.6 | 3.2 (1.3) | ||
| When I try to sleep, I would not be able to stop thinking about the problem. | Very Likely (1)-Likely (2)-Somewhat Likely (3)-Unlikely (4)-Very Unlikely (5) | a | 14.5 | 23.2 | 3.3 (1.4) | ||
| When things get bad in school, I can get so upset that I can’t remember what happened or what I did. | Very Likely (1)-Likely (2)-Somewhat Likely (3)-Unlikely (4)-Very Unlikely (5) | a | 11.5 | 32.1 | 3.5 (1.4) | ||
| My mind would go blank I wouldn’t be able to think at all. | Very Likely (1)-Likely (2)-Somewhat Likely (3)-Unlikely (4)-Very Unlikely (5) | a | 8.8 | 32.2 | 3.6 (1.3) | ||
| Physical activity | |||||||
| In the past 4 weeks, how often did you do exercises to strengthen or tone your muscles, such as push-ups, sit-ups, or weight lifting? | No days (1)-Very few days (2)-Some days (3)-Almost every day (4)-Every day (5) | b | 5.9 | 22.3 | 3.5 (1.1) | ||
| In the past 4 weeks, how often did you play hard enough to start sweating and breathing hard? | No days (1)-Very few days (2)-Some days (3)-Almost every day (4)-Every day (5) | √ | √ | 5.5 | 32.3 | 3.8 (1.1) | |
| In the past 4 weeks, how often did you run hard when you played or did sports? | No days (1)-Very few days (2)-Some days (3)-Almost every day (4)-Every day (5) | √ | 3.3 | 40.2 | 4.0 (1.0) | ||
| In the past 4 weeks, how often did you play active games or sports? | No days (1)-Very few days (2)-Some days (3)-Almost every day (4)-Every day (5) | √ | 2.3 | 44.1 | 4.1 (1.0) | ||
| Vitality | |||||||
| How much of the time do you feel physically fit? | Never (1)-Almost Never (2)-Sometimes (3)-Almost Always (4)-Always (5) | √ | 4.4 | 29.6 | 3.8 (1.1) | ||
| How often do you feel really strong? | Never (1)-Almost Never (2)-Sometimes (3)-Almost Always (4)-Always (5) | √ | 2.4 | 27.3 | 3.8 (1.0) | ||
| How often do you feel really healthy? | Never (1)-Almost Never (2)-Sometimes (3)-Almost Always (4)-Always (5) | √ | √ | 1.5 | 36.2 | 4.0 (0.9) | |
| How is your health? | Poor (1)-Fair (2)-Good (3)-Very Good (4)-Excellent (5) | √ | 1.4 | 41.2 | 4.1 (1.0) | ||
| How much of the time do you feel full of energy? | Never (1)-Almost Never (2)-Sometimes (3)-Almost Always (4)-Always (5) | √ | 1.2 | 37.7 | 4.1 (0.9) | ||
| Peer connectedness | |||||||
| Thinking about the past 4 weeks, have you been able to talk about everything with your friends? | Never (1)-Almost Never (2)-Sometimes (3)-Almost Always (4)-Always (5) | c | 7.8 | 27.2 | 3.6 (1.2) | ||
| Thinking about the past 4 weeks, have you been able to rely on your friends? | Never (1)-Almost Never (2)-Sometimes (3)-Almost Always (4)-Always (5) | c | 4.3 | 40.8 | 4.0 (1.1) | ||
| How good are you at making friends? | Poor (1)-Fair (2)-Good (3)-Very Good (4)-Excellent (5) | √ | 4.1 | 45.9 | 4.1 (1.1) | ||
| Thinking about the past 4 weeks, have you spent time with your friends? | Never (1)-Almost Never (2)-Sometimes (3)-Almost Always (4)-Always (5) | c | 2.9 | 37.5 | 4.0 (1.0) | ||
| Thinking about the past 4 weeks, have you and your friends helped each other? | Never (1)-Almost Never (2)-Sometimes (3)-Almost Always (4)-Always (5) | c | 3.1 | 40.5 | 4.0 (1.0) | ||
| Thinking about the past 4 weeks, have you had fun with your friends? | Never (1)-Almost Never (2)-Sometimes (3)-Almost Always (4)-Always (5) | c | 2.4 | 57.2 | 4.3 (0.9) | ||
| How often do you get along well with your friends? | Never (1)-Almost Never (2)-Sometimes (3)-Almost Always (4)-Always (5) | √ | 1.1 | 37.7 | 4.2 (0.8) | ||
| How many friends do you have? | None (1)-Very Few (2)-Some (3)-Many (4)-Very Many (5) | √ | 0.8 | 52.9 | 4.3 (0.9) | ||
| Family connectedness | |||||||
| In the past 4 weeks, how often did you talk to your parents about what you are going to do the next day? | Never (1)-Almost Never (2)-Sometimes (3)-Almost Always (4)-Always (5) | √ | 17.8 | 20.7 | 3.2 (1.4) | ||
| In the past 4 weeks, how often did your parents talk to you about how you are feeling? | Never (1)-Almost Never (2)-Sometimes (3)-Almost Always (4)-Always (5) | √ | 14.9 | 23.6 | 3.3 (1.3) | ||
| In the past 4 weeks, how often did your parents spend time with you doing something fun? | Never (1)-Almost Never (2)-Sometimes (3)-Almost Always (4)-Always (5) | √ | 7.7 | 28.5 | 3.6 (1.2) | ||
| In the past 4 weeks, how often did your parents help you with your school work? | Never (1)-Almost Never (2)-Sometimes (3)-Almost Always (4)-Always (5) | new | 11.9 | 43.1 | 3.7 (1.4) | ||
| In the past 4 weeks, how often did your parents listen to your ideas? | Never (1)-Almost Never (2)-Sometimes (3)-Almost Always (4)-Always (5) | √ | 7.3 | 35.0 | 3.7 (1.2) | ||
| In the past 4 weeks, how often did your parents eat meals with you? | Never (1)-Almost Never (2)-Sometimes (3)-Almost Always (4)-Always (5) | √ | 5.0 | 55.6 | 4.2 (1.2) | ||
| Thinking about the past 4 weeks, have your parents treated you fairly? | Never (1)-Almost Never (2)-Sometimes (3)-Almost Always (4)-Always (5) | c | 2.9 | 57.0 | 4.3 (1.0) | ||
| In the past 4 weeks, how often did you get along well with your parents? | Never (1)-Almost Never (2)-Sometimes (3)-Almost Always (4)-Always (5) | √ | 1.5 | 42.8 | 4.1 (0.3) | ||
| Teacher connectedness | |||||||
| In the past 4 weeks, on how many days did teachers at your school have enough time for you? | No days (1)-Very few days (2)-Some days (3)-Almost every day (4)-Every day (5) | new | 5.3 | 28.9 | 3.7 (1.2) | ||
| In the past 4 weeks, on how many days did teachers at your school, listen to your suggestions? | No days (1)-Very few days (2)-Some days (3)-Almost every day (4)-Every day (5) | d* | 6.1 | 33.5 | 3.8 (1.2) | ||
| In the past 4 weeks, on how many days did teachers at your school, respect your ideas and opinions? | No days (1)-Very few days (2)-Some days (3)-Almost every day (4)-Every day (5) | e* | 5.3 | 34.1 | 3.8 (1.1) | ||
| In the past 4 weeks, on how many days did teachers at your school, treat you fairly? | No days (1)-Very few days (2)-Some days (3)-Almost every day (4)-Every day (5) | f* | 2.6 | 45.1 | 4.1 (1.0) | ||
| In the past 4 weeks, on how many days did teachers at your school care about you as a person? | No days (1)-Very few days (2)-Some days (3)-Almost every day (4)-Every day (5) | f* | 2.9 | 53.9 | 4.2 (1.1) | ||
| In the past 4 weeks, on how may days did teachers at your school, care about your learning? | No days (1)-Very few days (2)-Some days (3)-Almost every day (4)-Every day (5) | new | 1.2 | 76.0 | 4.6 (0.8) | ||
| Active coping | |||||||
| I would talk with the teacher or someone else who could help | Very Unlikely (1)-Unlikely (2)-Somewhat Likely (3)-Likely (4)-Very Likely (5) | √ | √ | 12.7 | 21.4 | 3.3 (1.3) | |
| I would tell myself that things will get better | Very Unlikely (1)-Unlikely (2)-Somewhat Likely (3)-Likely (4)-Very Likely (5) | a | 6.6 | 24.4 | 3.6 (1.2) | ||
| I would try to see the good that could out of the situation | Very Unlikely (1)-Unlikely (2)-Somewhat Likely (3)-Likely (4)-Very Likely (5) | √ | √ | 5.5 | 24.5 | 3.6 (1.1) | |
| I would try to think of ways to fix the problem or change the situation | Very Unlikely (1)-Unlikely (2)-Somewhat Likely (3)-Likely (4)-Very Likely (5) | a | 5.6 | 24.2 | 3.6 (1.1) | ||
| I would turn to my family or other adults to help me feel better | Very Unlikely (1)-Unlikely (2)-Somewhat Likely (3)-Likely (4)-Very Likely (5) | √ | √ | 6.3 | 35.5 | 3.8 (1.2) | |
| I would keep my feelings under control when I needed to | Very Unlikely (1)-Unlikely (2)-Somewhat Likely (3)-Likely (4)-Very Likely (5) | a | 4.7 | 34.1 | 3.8 (1.1) | ||
| I would try to calm myself down | Very Unlikely (1)-Unlikely (2)-Somewhat Likely (3)-Likely (4)-Very Likely (5) | √ | √ | 5.1 | 36.4 | 3.9 (1.3) | |
| Aggression/Bullying | |||||||
| When was the last time you picked on other kids at school? | In the past week (1)-In the past month (2)-In the past year (3)-More than a year ago (4)-Never (5) | √ | 8.1 | 66.3 | 4.2 (1.3) | ||
| When was the last time you told someone at school you were going to hurt them? | In the past week (1)-In the past month (2)-In the past year (3)-More than a year ago (4)-Never (5) | √ | 7.2 | 74.6 | 4.4 (1.2) | ||
| When was the last time you physically attacked someone at school? | In the past week (1)-In the past month (2)-In the past year (3)-More than a year ago (4)-Never (5) | √ | 3.7 | 79.1 | 4.5 (1.1) | ||
| When was the last time you destroyed something belonging to someone else at school? | In the past week (1)-In the past month (2)-In the past year (3)-More than a year ago (4)-Never (5) | √ | 2.6 | 81.8 | 4.4 (0.8) | ||
| Peer hostility/Bullying-victim | |||||||
| Thinking about the past four weeks, have you been afraid of other girls and boys? | Always (1)-Almost Always (2)-Sometimes (3)-Almost Never (4)-Never (5) | c | 2.8 | 65.9 | 4.4 (3.9) | ||
| Thinking about the past four weeks, have other girls and boys made fun of you? | Always (1)-Almost Always (2)-Sometimes (3)-Almost Never (4)-Never (5) | c | 8.1 | 43.4 | 3.9 (1.7) | ||
| Thinking about the past four weeks, have other girls and boys bullied you? | Always (1)-Almost Always (2)-Sometimes (3)-Almost Never (4)-Never (5) | c | 4.4 | 67.0 | 4.4 (1.1) | ||
| Life satisfaction | |||||||
| Thinking about the past 4 weeks, has your life been enjoyable? | Not at all (1)-slightly (2)-moderately (3)-Very (4)-extremely (5) | c | 1.6 | 38.5 | 4.1 (0.9) | ||
| How often do you feel happy? | Never (1)-Almost Never (2)-Sometimes (3)-Almost Always (4)-Always (5) | √ | 1.0 | 30.7 | 4.0 (0.8) | ||
| How much of the time do you feel satisfied with your life? | Never (1)-Almost Never (2)-Sometimes (3)-Almost Always (4)-Always (5) | √ | 1.7 | 45.4 | 4.2 (0.9) | ||
| How often do you have a lot of fun? | Never (1)-Almost Never (2)-Sometimes (3)-Almost Always (4)-Always (5) | √ | 1.0 | 45.5 | 4.2 (0.9) | ||
| Thinking about the past 4 weeks, have you felt pleased that you are alive? | Not at all (1)-slightly (2)-moderately (3)-Very (4)-extremely (5) | c | 1.5 | 70.7 | 4.5 (0.8) | ||
| Self-worth | |||||||
| How often are you really proud of yourself? | Never (1)-Almost Never (2)-Sometimes (3)-Almost Always (4)-Always (5) | √ | √ | 2.3 | 30.3 | 3.9 (1.0) | |
| Thinking about the past 4 weeks, have you been happy with the way you are? | Never (1)-Almost Never (2)-Sometimes (3)-Almost Always (4)-Always (5) | c | 3.6 | 41.7 | 4.0 (1.1) | ||
| How often do you really like yourself? | Never (1)-Almost Never (2)-Sometimes (3)-Almost Always (4)-Always (5) | √ | √ | 3.9 | 46.0 | 4.1 (1.1) | |
| Body image | |||||||
| Thinking about the past 4 weeks, have you felt like changing something about your body | Never (1)-Almost Never (2)-Sometimes (3)-Almost Always (4)-Always (5) | c | 16.6 | 37.4 | 3.5 (1.7) | ||
| Thinking about the past 4 weeks, have you been worried about the way you look? | Never (1)-Almost Never (2)-Sometimes (3)-Almost Always (4)-Always (5) | c | 9.6 | 40.1 | 3.7 (1.3) | ||
| How often do you really like the way you look? | Always (1)-Almost Always (2)-Sometimes (3)-Almost Never (4)-Never (5) | √ | 6.0 | 34.5 | 3.8 (1.2) | ||
| Thinking about the past 4 weeks, have you felt jealous of the way other girls and boys look? | Always (1)-Almost Always (2)-Sometimes (3)-Almost Never (4)-Never (5) | c | 6.3 | 60.9 | 4.2 (1.2) | ||
| Thinking about the past 4 weeks, have you been happy with your clothes? | Always (1)-Almost Always (2)-Sometimes (3)-Almost Never (4)-Never (5) | c | 2.1 | 55.2 | 4.3 (1.0) | ||
| Academic performance | |||||||
| During the past 12 months, how would you describe your grades in school? | Below Average (D’s or F’s) (1)- Average (C’s) (2)- Good (B’s) (3)- Very Good (A’s & B’s) (4)- Excellent (A’s) (5) | b* | 3.3 | 18.4 | 3.7 (1.0) | ||
| In the past 4 weeks, how good were you at remembering things you learned in school? | Poor (1)-Fair (2)-Good (3)-Very Good (4)-Excellent (5) | √ | 4.2 | 29.7 | 3.8 (1.1) | ||
| In the past 4 weeks, how did you do in math? | Poor (1)-Fair (2)-Good (3)-Very Good (4)-Excellent (5) | √ | 4.0 | 37.8 | 3.9 (1.1) | ||
| In the past 4 weeks, how did you do in reading? | Poor (1)-Fair (2)-Good (3)-Very Good (4)-Excellent (5) | √ | 2.4 | 33.5 | 3.9 (1.0) | ||
| In the past 4 weeks, how did you do on your homework? | Poor (1)-Fair (2)-Good (3)-Very Good (4)-Excellent (5) | √ | 2.1 | 42.5 | 4.1 (1.0) | ||
| In the past 4 weeks, how did you do in your schoolwork? | Poor (1)-Fair (2)-Good (3)-Very Good (4)-Excellent (5) | √ | 0.8 | 33.9 | 4.1 (0.8) | ||
| School engagement | |||||||
| In the past 4 weeks, how often did you feel bored in school? | Always (1)-Almost Always (2)-Sometimes (3)-Almost Never (4)-Never (5) | g | 22.9 | 9.2 | 2.6 (1.2) | ||
| In the past 4 weeks, how often did you feel excited by the work in school? | Never (1)-Almost Never (2)-Sometimes (3)-Almost Always (4)-Always (5) | g | 18.3 | 12.0 | 2.9 (1.2) | ||
| In the past 4 weeks, how often were you interested in the work at school? | Never (1)-Almost Never (2)-Sometimes (3)-Almost Always (4)-Always (5) | g | 12.0 | 12.9 | 3.1 (1.2) | ||
| In the past 4 weeks, how often did you look forward to going to school? | Never (1)-Almost Never (2)-Sometimes (3)-Almost Always (4)-Always (5) | d* | 14.9 | 20.4 | 3.0 (1.0) | ||
The wording of Healthy Pathways items and/or response categories may differ slightly from those included on the CHIP-CE and CHIP-AE. Instruments from which “other” items were derived include:
a[16]
b[56]
c[57]
d[58]
e[59]
f[28]
g[60]
* Minor modifications were made to items or response categories derived from “other” instruments