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. 2010 Jul 16;1:30. doi: 10.4103/2152-7806.66461

Figure 5d.

Figure 5d

Pathological craniocervical junction with an abnormal clivo-axial angle in flexion. Upon full flexion of the craniocervical junction, mathematical analysis demonstrates that the increase in the tangent arc creates a deformative strain approaching ε = 0.2. In vivo and in vitro models demonstrate loss of function with strains of 0.2