Table 1.
Baseline Characteristics and Cardiovascular Risk Factor Status of Participants in the Women’s Health Initiative Coronary Artery Calcium Study, According to Randomized Assignment to Calcium/Vitamin D or Placebo
| Calcium/D | Placebo | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Mean (SD) or % |
Mean (SD) or % |
P-Value* | |
| Number of Women | 374 | 380 | |
| Age at screening, mean (SD), years | 55.1 (2.9) | 55.1 (2.9) | 0.88 |
| 50–54 | 41.8 | 38.6 | |
| 55–59 | 58.2 | 61.4 | |
| Race/Ethnicity | 0.16 | ||
| White | 76.9 | 74.5 | |
| Black | 13.9 | 17.6 | |
| Hispanic | 7.3 | 4.3 | |
| American Indian | 0.5 | 1.9 | |
| Asian/Pacific Islander | 0.3 | 0.5 | |
| Unknown | 1.1 | 1.3 | |
| Smoking | 0.03 | ||
| Never | 53.3 | 44.9 | |
| Past | 37.7 | 41.4 | |
| Current | 9.0 | 13.6 | |
| Pack years of smoking;† mean (SD) | 10.6 (18.8) | 10.5 (17.3) | 0.16 |
| Total expenditure from physical activity, mean MET hrs/wk (SD) |
9.7 (13.0) | 10.1 (13.8) | 0.69 |
| Body mass index (BMI),† mean (SD), kg/m2 | 30.8 (6.0) | 30.4 (6.1) | 0.39 |
| Waist circumference, mean (SD), cm | 92.7 (13.9) | 91.3 (13.5) | 0.18 |
| Systolic blood pressure,† mean (SD), mmHg | 123.9 (15.3) | 124.9 (15.7) | 0.36 |
| Diastolic blood pressure, mean (SD), mmHg | 78.2 (8.8) | 77.3 (8.7) | 0.16 |
| History of treated hypertension, BP≥ 140/90, or taking antihypertensive medication |
30.4 | 26.1 | 0.22 |
| History of high cholesterol or taking lipid- lowering meds |
11.8 | 11.5 | 0.91 |
| History of diabetes | 4.9 | 7.2 | 0.19 |
| History of treated diabetes (pills or shots) | 4.4 | 5.3 | 0.54 |
| MI in first degree relative | 44.8 | 50.6 | 0.13 |
| History of MI, stroke or TIA | 0.5 | 2.1 | 0.06 |
| Randomized to Diet Modification Trial | 38.3 | 42.3 | 0.27 |
| CEE Trial randomization assignment | 0.83 | ||
| CEE Placebo | 48.6 | 47.9 | |
| CEE | 51.4 | 52.1 | |
| Moderate to severe vasomotor symptoms | 26.0 | 23.1 | 0.36 |
| Age at hysterectomy, years | 0.23 | ||
| <35 | 24.9 | 27.7 | |
| 35–39 | 25.5 | 26.1 | |
| 40–44 | 20.8 | 23.9 | |
| ≥45 | 28.8 | 22.3 | |
| Age at menopause, mean (SD), years | 44.1 (7.1) | 43.2 (7.4) | 0.13 |
| Hormone use status | 0.19 | ||
| Never | 44.0 | 49.2 | |
| Past | 32.6 | 32.4 | |
| Current‡ | 23.4 | 18.4 | |
| Total calcium intake at baseline, mean (SD), mg/d (supplements, diet, medications)† |
1112.7 (606.4) | 1056.2 (622.4) | 0.09 |
| <800 | 33.7 | 40.9 | |
| 800 – <1200 | 29.2 | 25.0 | |
| ≥1200 | 37.0 | 34.1 | |
| Total vitamin D intake at baseline, mean (SD), IU/d (supplements, diet)† |
347.2 (278.5) | 328.9 (268.5) | 0.25 |
| <200 | 42.9 | 48.1 | |
| 200 – <400 | 19.5 | 17.0 | |
| 400 – <600 | 20.1 | 18.4 | |
| ≥600 | 17.5 | 16.5 | |
*
P-values are from Chi-Square tests for categorical variables and from two-sample t-tests for continuous variables.
†
Tested on the log scale.
‡
Current users were required to undergo a 3 month “washout” period prior to randomization.