Table S1.

Localities in the Nouna HDSS. In bold localities with a health facility (in parenthesis opening date)

Date in HDSS	Name of Locality (opening date of health centre)
1992 (39 villages)	Barakui, Biron Bobo, Biron Marka, Boron, Bouné, Bourasso (1956), Cissé, Dankoumana, Dembéléla, Denissa, Denissa Mossi, Diamasso, Dina, Dionkongo, Dokoura, Goni (2006), Kamadena (2008), Kèmena, Kodougou, Koro (1964), Labarani (2006), Leï, Lékuy (2003), Lémini, Nokui, Ouetté, Pâ, Sampopo, Sériba, Sien, Sikoro (2008), Sirakorosso, Sobon, Solimana (2009), Tèbèrè, Tissi, Toni (1991), Tonséré, Zanakuy,
2000 (+2 villages + Nouna Town)	Bankoumani, Dara (1995), Nouna (Nouna district hospital, CSPSa in 2005),
2004 (+17 villages)	Babekolon, Bagala (1994), Biron Badala, Bissau, Bouhuy, Damandigui, Hinkuy, Kamiakoro, Kansara, Kéréna, Konkuini, Korédougou, Moinsi, Mourdié (2008), Sèrè, Soin, Tonkoroni.

^aCSPS = Centre de Santé et de Promotion Sociale = basic health facility.