Table 3.
Prevalence of 12-month Psychiatric Disorders in 744 African American and Caucasian Pregnant Women
| |
African American (n = 428) |
Caucasian (n = 316) |
||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| |
12-month |
Lifetime |
12-month |
Lifetime |
||||||||
| Psychiatric disorder | No. | % | 95% C.I. | No. | % | 95% C.I. | No. | % | 95% C.I. | No. | % | 95% C.I. |
| Affective disorders | ||||||||||||
| Major depressive disorder | 31 | 7.2 | 4.8–9.7 | 59 | 13.1 | 9.9–16.3** | 30 | 9.5 | 6.3–12.7 | 64 | 20.3 | 15.8–24.7** |
| Dysthymia | 0 | 0.0 | 0.0–0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0.0–0.0 | 1 | 0.3 | 0.0–0.9 | 2 | 0.6 | 0.0–1.5 |
| Bipolar I | 21 | 4.9 | 2.9–7.0 | 24 | 5.6 | 3.4–7.8 | 18 | 5.7 | 3.1–8.3 | 28 | 8.9 | 5.7–12.0 |
| Bipolar II | 0 | 0.0 | 0.0–0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0.0–0.0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0–0.0 | 0 | 0 | 0.0–0.0 |
| Any affective disorder | 52 | 12.2 | 9.1–15.2 | 83 | 19.4 | 15.6–23.1*** | 49 | 15.5 | 11.5–19.5 | 92 | 29.1 | 24.1–34.1*** |
| Anxiety disorder | ||||||||||||
| Generalized anxiety disorders | 13 | 3.0 | 1.4–4.7 | 15 | 3.5 | 1.8–5.2 | 14 | 4.4 | 2.2–6.7 | 16 | 5.1 | 2.7–7.5 |
| Agoraphobia | 0 | 0.0 | 0.0–0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0.0–0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0.0–0.0 | 2 | 0.6 | 0.0–1.5 |
| Panic disorder | 0 | 0.0 | 0.0–0.0** | 0 | 0.0 | 0.0–0.0*** | 8 | 2.5 | 0.8–4.3** | 9 | 2.9 | 1.0–4.7*** |
| Specific phobia | 8 | 1.9 | 0.6–3.2 | 16 | 3.7 | 1.9–5.5 | 10 | 3.2 | 1.2–5.1 | 19 | 2.9 | 1.0–4.7*** |
| Social phobia | 8 | 1.9 | 0.6–3.2 | 16 | 3.7 | 1.9–5.5 | 12 | 3.8 | 1.7–5.9 | 16 | 5.1 | 2.7–7.5 |
| Obsessive compulsive disorder | 3 | 0.7 | 0.0–1.5 | 5 | 1.2 | 0.2–2.2 | 3 | 1 | 0.0–2.0 | 9 | 2.9 | 1.0–4.7 |
| Posttraumatic stress disorder | 27 | 6.3 | 4.0–8.6 | 53 | 12.4 | 9.3–15.5 | 30 | 9.5 | 6.3–12.7 | 54 | 17.1 | 12.9–21.2 |
| Any anxiety disorder | 48 | 11.2 | 8.2–14.2 | 83 | 19.4 | 15.6–23.1* | 50 | 15.8 | 11.8–19.8 | 81 | 25.6 | 20.8–30.4* |
| Psychotic disorders | ||||||||||||
| Schizoaffective disorder | 0 | 0.0 | 0.0–0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0.0–0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0.0–0.0 | 0 | 0 | 0.0–0.0 |
| Schizophreniform | 0 | 0.0 | 0.0–0.0 | 2 | 0.5 | 0.0–1.1 | 0 | 0.0 | 0.0–0.0 | 6 | 1.9 | 0.4–3.4 |
| Schizophrenia | 2 | 0.5 | 0.0–1.1 | 5 | 1.2 | 0.2–2.2 | 1 | 0.3 | 0.0–0.9 | 3 | 1 | 0.0–2.0 |
| Any psychotic disorder | 2 | 0.5 | 0.0–1.1 | 7 | 1.6 | 0.4–2.8 | 1 | 0.3 | 0.0–0.9 | 7 | 2.2 | 0.6–3.8 |
| Behavior disorders | ||||||||||||
| Oppositional disorder | 24 | 5.6 | 3.4–7.8 | 16 | 3.7 | 1.9–5.5 | 12 | 3.8 | 1.7–5.9 | 10 | 3.2 | 1.2–5.1 |
| Conduct disorder | 7 | 1.6 | 0.4–2.8 | 13 | 3.0 | 1.4–4.7 | 2 | 0.6 | 0.0–1.5 | 7 | 2.2 | 0.6–3.8 |
| Antisocial personality disorder | 0 | 0.0 | 0.0–0.0 | 1 | 0.2 | 0.0–0.7* | 0 | 0.0 | 0.0–0.0 | 5 | 1.6 | 0.2–3.0* |
| Any behavioral disorder | 26 | 6.1 | 3.8–8.3 | 30 | 7.0 | 4.6–9.4 | 13 | 4.1 | 1.9–6.3 | 22 | 7.0 | 4.2–9.8 |
| Eating disorder | ||||||||||||
| Anorexia | 0 | 0.0 | 0.0–0.0 | 1 | 0.2 | 0.0–0.7* | 1 | 0.3 | 0.0–0.9 | 5 | 1.6 | 0.2–3.0* |
| Bulimia | 0 | 0.0 | 0.0–0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0.0–0.0 | 1 | 0.3 | 0.0–0.9 | 1 | 0.3 | 0.0–0.9 |
| Any eating disorder | 0 | 0.0 | 0.0–0.0 | 1 | 0.2 | 0.0–0.7* | 2 | 0.6 | 0.0–1.5 | 6 | 1.9 | 0.4–3.4* |
| Any attention deficit hyperactivity disorder | 5 | 1.2 | 0.2–2.2 | 10 | 2.3 | 0.9–3.8** | 10 | 32.0 | 1.2–5.1 | 20 | 6.3 | 3.6–9.0** |
| Substance use disorders | ||||||||||||
| Nicotine dependence | 10 | 2.3 | 0.9–3.8*** | 21 | 4.9 | 2.9–7.0*** | 52 | 16.5 | 12.4–20.5*** | 80 | 25.3 | 20.5–30.1*** |
| Alcohol abuse or dependence | 5 | 1.2 | 0.2–2.2 | 23 | 5.4 | 3.2–7.5*** | 3 | 1.0 | 0.0–2.0 | 40 | 12.7 | 9.0–16.3*** |
| Drug abuse or dependence | 9 | 2.1 | 0.7–3.5* | 23 | 5.4 | 3.2–7.5** | 17 | 5.4 | 2.9–7.9* | 34 | 10.8 | 7.3–14.2** |
| Any substance use disorder | 20 | 4.7 | 2.7–6.7*** | 50 | 11.7 | 8.6–14.7*** | 61 | 19.3 | 5.0–23.7*** | 114 | 36.1 | 30.8–41.4*** |
| Any psychiatric disorder | 115 | 26.9 | 22.7–31.1** | 159 | 37.1 | 32.6–41.7*** | 115 | 36.4 | 31.3–41.7** | 180 | 57.0 | 51.5–62.4*** |
| Any psychiatric disorder (exluding nicotine) | 112 | 26.2 | 22.0–30.3 | 155 | 36.2 | 31.7–40.8*** | 83 | 26.3 | 21.4–31.1 | 158 | 50 | 44.5–55.5*** |
*
p < .05, **p < .01, ***p < .001.