Table 4.
Prevalence of 12-month Psychiatric Disorders by Rural and Urban Residence of 744 WIC-enrolled Pregnant Women
| |
Rural (n = 439) |
Urban (n = 305) |
||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| |
12-month |
Lifetime |
12-month |
Lifetime |
||||||||
| Psychiatric disorder | No. | % | 95% C.I. | No. | % | 95% C.I. | No. | % | 95% C.I. | No. | % | 95% C.I |
| Affective disorders | ||||||||||||
| Major depressive disorder | 31 | 7.1 | 4.7–9.5 | 61 | 13.9 | 10.7–17.1 | 30 | 9.8 | 6.5–13.2 | 59 | 19.3 | 14.9–23.8 |
| Dysthymia | 1 | 0.2 | 0.0–0.7 | 2 | 0.5 | 0.0–1.1 | 0 | 0.0 | 0.0–0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0.0–0.0 |
| Bipolar I | 24 | 5.5 | 3.3–7.6 | 31 | 7.1 | 4.7–9.5 | 15 | 4.9 | 2.5–7.3 | 21 | 6.9 | 4.0–9.7 |
| Bipolar II | 0 | 0.0 | 0.0–0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0.0–0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0.0–0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0.0–0.0 |
| Any Affective Disorder | 56 | 12.8 | 9.6–15.9 | 94 | 21.4 | 17.6–25.2 | 45 | 14.8 | 10.8–18.7 | 81 | 26.6 | 21.6–31.5 |
| Anxiety disorders | ||||||||||||
| Generalized anxiety disorders | 17 | 3.9 | 2.1–5.7 | 17 | 3.9 | 2.1–5.7 | 10 | 3.3 | 1.3–5.3 | 14 | 4.6 | 2.2–6.9 |
| Agoraphobia | 0 | 0.0 | 0.0–0.0 | 1 | 0.2 | 0.0–0.7 | 0 | 0.0 | 0.0–0.0 | 1 | 0.2 | 0.0–1.0 |
| Panic disorder | 5 | 1.1 | 0.1–2.1 | 6 | 1.4 | 0.3–2.5 | 2 | 0.7 | 0.0–1.6 | 3 | 1.0 | 0.0–2.1 |
| Specific phobia | 13 | 3.0 | 1.4–4.5 | 21 | 4.8 | 2.8–6.8 | 5 | 1.6 | 0.2–3.1 | 14 | 4.6 | 2.2–6.9 |
| Social phobia | 9 | 2.1 | 0.7–3.4 | 13 | 3.0 | 1.4–4.5* | 11 | 3.6 | 1.5–5.7 | 19 | 6.2 | 3.5–8.9* |
| Obsessive compulsive disorder | 4 | 0.9 | 0.0–1.8 | 9 | 2.1 | 0.7–3.4 | 2 | 0.7 | 0.0–1.6 | 5 | 1.6 | 0.2–3.1 |
| Posttraumatic stress disorder | 34 | 7.7 | 5.2–10.2 | 55 | 12.5 | 9.4–15.6 | 23 | 7.5 | 4.6–10.5 | 52 | 17.0 | 12.8–21.3 |
| Any anxiety disorder | 58 | 13.2 | 10.0–16.4 | 88 | 20.0 | 16.3–23.8 | 40 | 13.1 | 9.3–16.9 | 76 | 24.9 | 20.1–29.8 |
| Psychotic disorders | ||||||||||||
| Schizoaffective disorder | 0 | 0.0 | 0.0–0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0.0–0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0.0–0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0.0–0.0 |
| Schizophreniform | 0 | 0.0 | 0.0–0.0 | 6 | 1.4 | 0.3–2.5 | 0 | 0.0 | 0.0–0.0 | 2 | 0.7 | 0.0–1.6 |
| Schizophrenia | 0 | 0.0 | 0.0–0.0 | 4 | 0.9 | 0.0–1.8* | 3 | 1.0 | 0.0–2.1 | 4 | 1.3 | 0.0–2.6* |
| Any psychotic disorder | 0 | 0.0 | 0.0–0.0 | 9 | 2.1 | 0.7–3.4 | 3 | 1.0 | 0.0–2.1 | 5 | 1.6 | 0.2–3.1 |
| Behavior disorders | ||||||||||||
| Oppositional disorder | 26 | 5.9 | 3.7–8.1 | 13 | 3.0 | 1.4–4.5 | 10 | 3.3 | 1.3–5.3 | 13 | 4.3 | 2.0–6.5 |
| Conduct disorder | 5 | 1.1 | 0.1–2.1 | 12 | 2.7 | 1.2–4.3 | 4 | 1.3 | 0.0–2.6 | 8 | 2.7 | 0.8–4.4 |
| Antisocial personality disorder | 0 | 0.0 | 0.0–0.0 | 3 | 0.7 | 0.0–1.5 | 0 | 0.0 | 0.0–0.0 | 3 | 1.0 | 0.0–2.1 |
| Any behavioral disorder | 27 | 6.2 | 3.9–8.4 | 28 | 6.4 | 4.1–8.7 | 12 | 3.9 | 1.8–6.1 | 24 | 7.9 | 4.8–10.9 |
| Eating disorder | ||||||||||||
| Anorexia | 0 | 0.0 | 0.0–0.0 | 4 | 0.9 | 0.0–1.8 | 1.0 | 0.3 | 0.0–1.0 | 2 | 0.7 | 0.0–1.6 |
| Bulimia | 1 | 0.2 | 0.0–0.7 | 1 | 0.2 | 0.0–0.7 | 0 | 0.0 | 0.0–0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0.0–0.0 |
| Any eating disorder | 1 | 0.2 | 0.0–0.7 | 5 | 1.1 | 0.1–2.1 | 1 | 0.3 | 0.0–1.0 | 2 | 0.7 | 0.0–1.6 |
| Any attention deficit hyperactivity disorder | 12 | 2.7 | 1.2–4.3 | 18 | 4.1 | 2.2–6.0 | 3 | 1.0 | 0.0–2.1 | 12 | 3.9 | 1.8–6.1 |
| Substance use disorders | ||||||||||||
| Nicotine dependence | 40 | 9.1 | 6.4–11.8 | 60 | 13.9 | 0.5–16.9 | 22 | 7.2 | 4.3–10.1 | 41 | 13.4 | 9.6–17.3 |
| Alcohol abuse or dependence | 5 | 1.1 | 0.1–2.1 | 39 | 8.9 | 6.2–11.5 | 3 | 1.0 | 0.0–2.1 | 24 | 7.9 | 4.8–10.9 |
| Drug abuse or dependence | 13 | 3.0 | 1.4–4.5 | 30 | 6.8 | 4.5–9.2 | 13 | 4.3 | 2.0–6.5 | 27 | 8.9 | 5.7–12.0 |
| Any substance use disorder | 52 | 11.8 | 8.8–14.9 | 96 | 21.9 | 18.0–25.7 | 29 | 9.5 | 6.2–12.8 | 68 | 22.3 | 17.6–27.0 |
| Any psychiatric disorder | 135 | 30.8 | 26.4–35.1 | 191 | 43.5 | 38.9–48.1 | 95 | 31.2 | 26.0–36.3 | 148 | 48.5 | 42.9–54.1 |
| Any psychiatric disorder (excluding nicotine) | 111 | 25.3 | 21.2–29.4 | 173 | 9.4 | 34.8–44.0 | 84 | 27.5 | 22.5–32.6 | 140 | 45.9 | 40.3–51.5 |
*
p < .05.