Table 2.

Echocardiographic evaluation of cardiac function

Parameter	Ins2+/+B1RB2R+/+	Ins2+/+B1RB2R+/−	Ins2+/+B1RB2R−/−	Ins2Akita/+B1RB2R+/−	Ins2Akita/+B1RB2R−/−
No. of mice	15	16	17	12	16
LVDd (mm)	3.80 ± 0.01	3.75 ± 0.05	3.73 ± 0.08	3.84 ± 0.08	3.61 ± 0.07
LVDs (mm)	2.75 ± 0.01	2.77 ± 0.06	2.81 ± 0.08	2.88 ± 0.10	2.54 ± 0.08
IVSd (mm)	0.72 ± 0.03	0.72 ± 0.03	0.74 ± 0.03	0.54 ± 0.02a	0.69 ± 0.04
IVSs (mm)	1.15 ± 0.04	1.10 ± 0.04	1.12 ± 0.05	0.86 ± 0.05a	1.09 ± 0.05
LVPWd (mm)	0.70 ± 0.03	0.72 ± 0.03	0.74 ± 0.02	0.64 ± 0.03	0.73 ± 0.03
LVPWs (mm)	0.89 ± 0.04	0.89 ± 0.04	0.89 ± 0.03	0.83 ± 0.04	0.97 ± 0.05
Relative wall thickness	0.38 ± 0.02	0.39 ± 0.02	0.40 ± 0.02	0.31 ± 0.02a	0.40 ± 0.01
Fractional shortening (%)	28.0 ± 1.2	26.3 ± 0.8	24.9 ± 0.9	25.1 ± 1.9	29.8 ± 1.6b,c
Ejection fraction (%)	62.2 ± 1.8	59.8 ± 1.3	57.4 ± 1.5	57.1 ± 3.1	64.5 ± 2.2b,c
Stroke volume (μl)	37.7 ± 1.3	33.3 ± 1.3	32.7 ± 1.6	32.9 ± 2.2	33.4 ± 1.7
Heart rate (beats/min)	496 ± 18	475 ± 21	447 ± 16	392 ± 20d,e	441 ± 22

LVDd, Left-ventricular cavity diameter at diastole; LVDs, left-ventricular cavity diameter at systole; IVSd, interventricular septum thickness at diastole; IVSs, interventricular septum thickness at systole; LVPWd, left-ventricular posterior wall thickness at diastole; LVPWs, left-ventricular posterior wall thickness at systole. Data are means ± sem. 

^aP < 0.01 vs. all other groups. 

^bP < 0.01 vs. Ins2^+/+ B1RB2R^−/−. 

^cP < 0.02 vs. Ins2^Akita/+ B1RB2R^+/−. 

^dP < 0.02 vs. Ins2^+/+ B1RB2R^+/+. 

^eP < 0.01 vs. Ins2^+/+ B1RB2R^+/−.