Expression of the activating receptor NKG2D is decreased on NK and CD8+ T cells in patients with glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). (A) Peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs) isolated from patients with either GBM or MNG were isolated prior to tumor resection. CD8+ T lymphocytes were defined as CD3+, CD8+ cells: NK cells were defined as CD3−, CD56+ (left panels). After gating, cells were analyzed for the expression of NKG2D relative to the expression levels in patients with MNG. (B) PBL and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) were isolated from GBM patients (n = 23) and analyzed for the expression of NKG2D on CD3+, CD8+ cells, gated as shown in the top panels, and compared with those isolated from patients with MNG (n = 12). (C) PBL from GBM patients were analyzed for expression levels of NKG2D on NK and CD8+ T cells before and after a significant surgical reduction in tumor burden as confirmed with MRI. Each point represents one patient.