Fig. 3.
The p53 pathway is responsive to chloroquine. p53 protein and products of the known p53 targets p21, mdm2, bax1, or pig3 were assessed in glioma cell lines with different p53 status (A–C) and in the human colon carcinoma cell line HCT116 expressing wtp53 (B) by Western blot. Cells were treated with varying concentrations of chloroquine for 24 hours (A) or with a constant dose of chloroquine (30 µg/mL) for the indicated time periods (B and C). (D) Assessment of the p53 phosphorylation status at a serine residue Ser15 in U87MG (upper panel) and HCT116 (bottom panel) cells treated with chloroquine or ionizing radiation. The phosphorylated form of p53 (p53-Ser15P) was detected using a phosphorylation-sensitive antibody 16G8, which recognizes only the phosphorylated p53-Ser15P isoform. Total p53 detection was by antibody DO-7. The ubiquitously expressed cytoskeleton component α-tubulin or the basal transcription factor TBP was assessed to assure equal protein loading.