Table 4.
Methylation levels in tumor tissue, serum, and CSF correlates with survival in WHO grades 3 and 4 glioma separately
| Genes | Number of patients with positive methylation (%) | Median | Range | Cutoff | Good prognostic group |
Poor prognostic group |
P value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | Median OS (95% CI) (m) | n | Median OS (95% CI) (m) | ||||||
| MGMT | |||||||||
| Tumor tissue/3 | 21 (91.3) | 0.029 | 0–0.213 | 0.064 | 17 | 19.3 (14.9–23.7) | 6 | 10.3 (6.9–13.7) | <.0001 |
| 4 | 43 (100) | 0.069 | 0.008–0.325 | 0.069 | 21 | 12.4 (10.6–14.2) | 22 | 7.0 (5.3–8.7) | .001 |
| Serum/3 | 16 (70.0) | 0.012 | 0–0.159 | 0.067 | 18 | 17.8 (13.4–22.2) | 5 | 10.3 (6.2–14.4) | <.0001 |
| 4 | 31 (72.1) | 0.042 | 0–0.305 | 0.060 | 23 | 12.4 (10.5–14.3) | 20 | 6.5 (4.1–8.9) | <.0001 |
| CSF/3 | 15 (65.2) | 0.015 | 0–0.200 | 0.058 | 17 | 19.3 (14.9–23.7) | 6 | 10.3 (6.9–13.7) | <.0001 |
| 4 | 37 (86.0) | 0.067 | 0–0.304 | 0.069 | 22 | 11.6 (9.6–13.6) | 21 | 6.5 (4.6–8.4) | <.0001 |
| p16INK4a | |||||||||
| Tumor tissue /3 | 18 (78.3) | 0.015 | 0–0.287 | 0.156 | 19 | 17.8 (14.7–20.9) | 4 | 7.2 (3.3–11.1) | <.0001 |
| 4 | 42 (97.7) | 0.057 | 0–0.341 | 0.206 | 30 | 11.3 (10.1–12.5) | 13 | 6.5 (5.1–7.9) | <.0001 |
| Serum/3 | 15 (65.2) | 0.013 | 0–0.193 | 0.128 | 19 | 17.8 (14.7–20.9) | 4 | 7.2 (3.3–11.1) | <.0001 |
| 4 | 37 (86.0) | 0.053 | 0–0.298 | 0.142 | 30 | 11.3 (10.1–12.5) | 13 | 6.5 (5.1–7.9) | <.0001 |
| CSF/3 | 14 (60.9) | 0.008 | 0–0.223 | 0.114 | 20 | 17.2 (15.7–18.7) | 3 | 7.2 (2.7–11.7) | <.0001 |
| 4 | 35 (81.4) | 0.051 | 0–0.286 | 0.134 | 31 | 11.3 (10.2–12.4) | 12 | 5.4 (3.4–7.4) | <.0001 |
| TIMP3 | |||||||||
| Tumor tissue /3 | 22 (95.7) | 0.018 | 0–0.079 | 0.023 | 17 | 17.2 (16.0–18.4) | 6 | 8.4 (2.8–14.0) | .359 |
| 4 | 43 (100) | 0.023 | 0.008–0.082 | 0.015 | 9 | 13.5 (5.6–21.4) | 34 | 9.3(7.9–10.7) | .088 |
| Serum/3 | 12 (52.2) | 0.007 | 0–0.083 | 0.007 | 10 | 20.5 (0–41.9) | 13 | 16.9 (10.8–23.0) | .100 |
| 4 | 27 (62.8) | 0.012 | 0–0.071 | 0.004 | 16 | 10.6 (5.1–16.1) | 27 | 9.7 (8.3–11.1) | .079 |
| CSF/3 | 11 (47.8) | 0 | 0–0.079 | 0.013 | 15 | 17.1 (9.8–24.4) | 8 | 16.9 (8.7–25.1) | .656 |
| 4 | 30 (70.0) | 0.013 | 0–0.094 | 0.004 | 15 | 10.6 (9.4–11.8) | 28 | 9.3 (6.8–11.8) | .586 |
| THBS1 | |||||||||
| Tumor tissue/3 | 23 (100) | 0.034 | 0.004–0.137 | 0.024 | 8 | 20.5 (11.7–26.5) | 15 | 11.3 (10.4–12.2) | .014 |
| 4 | 42 (97.7) | 0.069 | 0–0.141 | 0.043 | 10 | 12.5 (7.9–17.1) | 33 | 9.3 (7.5–11.1) | .025 |
| Serum/3 | 14 (60.9) | 0.013 | 0–0.171 | 0.013 | 11 | 25.1 (17.5–32.7) | 12 | 11.3 (10.1–12.5) | .001 |
| 4 | 34 (79.1) | 0.035 | 0–0.126 | 0.020 | 10 | 16.2 (12.6–19.8) | 33 | 9.3 (6.7–11.9) | .002 |
| CSF/3 | 19 (82.6) | 0.029 | 0–0.174 | 0.029 | 11 | 20.5 (12.2–28.8) | 12 | 11.3 (10.1–12.5) | .046 |
| 4 | 40 (93.0) | 0.043 | 0–0.160 | 0.034 | 12 | 11.3 (7.0–15.6) | 31 | 9.3 (7.0–11.6) | .109 |
Abbreviations: n, patients number; m, months; 3, WHO grade 3 glioma, including anaplastic astrocytoma, anaplastic oligoastrocytoma, and anaplastic oligodendroglioma; 4, WHO grade 4, glioblastoma.