Table 3.
Small-for-gestational-age resultsa for daily bottled, cold tap, total tap, and total water intake
| Follow-up data | Average of baseline and follow-up data |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Exposure | n (%) | Unadjusted RR (95% CI) | Adjusted RR (95% CI)b | Adjusted RR (95% CI)b |
| Bottled water | ||||
| None | 448 (26%) | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Any | 1258 (74%) | 1.1 (0.7, 1.7) | 0.9 (0.5, 1.4) | 1.4 (0.6, 3.0) |
| Cold tap water (ounces)c | ||||
| 0-27 | 403 (24%) | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| > 27-53 | 439 (26%) | 0.9 (0.5, 1.5) | 1.2 (0.6, 2.3) | 1.1 (0.6, 2.2) |
| > 53-91 | 429 (25%) | 0.9 (0.5, 1.6) | 1.3 (0.7, 2.4) | 1.4 (0.7, 2.6) |
| > 91 | 439 (26%) | 0.7 (0.4, 1.2) | 0.9 (0.5, 1.9) | 1.1 (0.5, 2.1) |
| Per 20 ounce | 1.0 (0.9, 1.0) | 1.0 (0.9, 1.1) | 1.0 (0.9, 1.1) | |
| Total tap water (ounces)c | ||||
| 0-30 | 423 (25%) | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| > 30-61 | 426 (25%) | 0.7 (0.4, 1.3) | 0.9 (0.5, 1.7) | 1.2 (0.6, 2.2) |
| > 61-96 | 476 (28%) | 0.7 (0.4, 1.2) | 0.8 (0.5, 1.6) | 1.3 (0.7, 2.6) |
| > 96 | 380 (22%) | 0.7 (0.4, 1.2) | 0.9 (0.5, 1.9) | 1.1 (0.6, 2.2) |
| Per 20 ounce | 1.0 (0.9, 1.1) | 1.0 (0.9, 1.1) | 1.0 (0.9, 1.1) | |
| Total water (ounces)c | ||||
| 0-51 | 434 (25%) | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| > 51-78 | 418 (25%) | 0.7 (0.4, 1.2) | 0.8 (0.4, 1.4) | 0.9 (0.5, 1.6) |
| > 78-114 | 424 (25%) | 0.6 (0.3, 1.0) | 0.6 (0.3, 1.0) | 0.5 (0.2, 1.0) |
| > 114 | 427 (25%) | 0.8 (0.5, 1.4) | 0.9 (0.5, 1.6) | 1.0 (0.6, 1.8) |
| Per 20 ounce | 1.0 (0.9, 1.1) | 1.0 (0.9, 1.1) | 1.0 (0.9, 1.1) | |
aTerm SGA models restricted to infants born to non-Hispanic White, non-Hispanic Black, or Hispanic women
bAdjusted for race, education level, annual household income, smoking, pre-pregnancy BMI, vitamin use, parity, employed during last 4 months, infant gender, and study site
cCategorical exposure cutpoints for average data results were slightly higher than the follow-up data
BMI= body mass index; RR= risk ratio