Musculoskeletal upper extremity model of the right shoulder from SIMM (Holzbaur et al., 2005). Top: anterior view; Bottom: posterior view. Muscle paths (red lines) represented: anterior deltoid, middle deltoid, posterior deltoid, supraspinatus, infraspinatus, subscapularis, teres minor, teres major, pectoralis major (clavicle attachment), pectoralis major (sternum attachment), latissimus dorsi, triceps long head, and biceps long head. (For interpretation of the references to colour in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the web version of this article.)