Table 1.
Sample characteristics, neuropsychological performance and fMRI behavioral data for stable and declining groups
| Stable (n = 51) |
Declining (n = 27) |
p | r2 | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean | SD | Range | Mean | SD | Range | |||
| Sample Characteristics | ||||||||
| Age (years) | 72.7 | 5.1 | 65–88 | 73.7 | 4.7 | 65–84 | 0.41 | 0.01 |
| Education (years) | 15.1 | 2.5 | 12.0–23.0 | 14.6 | 3.2 | 11.0–23 | 0.40 | 0.01 |
| Gender | 13M (25%), 38F (75%) | 8M (30%) 19F (70%) | 0.79 | – | ||||
| Family History Status | 27− (53%), 24+ (47%) | 11− (41%), 16+ (59%) | 0.35 | – | ||||
| APOE e4 Status | 39− (76%), 12+ (24%) | 13− (48%), 14+ (52%) | 0.02 | – | ||||
| Retest Interval (days) | 551.7 | 43.5 | 489–763 | 560.6 | 47 | 489–691 | 0.41 | 0.01 |
| Total Hippocampal Volume | 4.5 | 0.55 | 3.2–5.9 | 4.2 | 0.6 | 3.1–5.6 | 0.01 | 0.06 |
| Neuropsychological Testing | ||||||||
| MMSE | 29.4 | 0.8 | 27–30 | 28.9 | 1.2 | 25–30 | 0.04 | 0.06 |
| DRS-2 Total | 140.7 | 3.2 | 127–144 | 139.7 | 3.8 | 130–144 | 0.25 | 0.02 |
| RAVLT Trials 1–5 | 50.6 | 8.8 | 33–66 | 46.8 | 8.1 | 29–59 | 0.07 | 0.05 |
| RAVLT DR | 10.1 | 2.6 | 4.0–15.0 | 9 | 2.8 | 4.0–13 | 0.08 | 0.04 |
| Lawton IADL | 5 | 0 | 5–5 | 5 | 0 | 5–5 | * | – |
| GDS | 2.7 | 2.5 | 0–8 | 1.4 | 1.8 | 0–8 | 0.02 | 0.07 |
| fMRI Task Performance | ||||||||
| % Correct Famous | 93.1 | 6.8 | 73–100 | 90.4 | 7.4 | 73–100 | 0.10 | 0.04 |
| % Correct Unfamiliar | 96.9 | 4.6 | 77–100 | 95.2 | 8.8 | 63–100 | 0.27 | 0.02 |
| d′ | 5.8 | 1.2 | 3.4–7.6 | 5.4 | 1.2 | 2.5–7.6 | 0.15 | 0.03 |
| RT Famous | 1266 | 222 | 790–1886 | 1270 | 180 | 873–1679 | 0.94 | 0.00 |
| RT Unfamiliar | 1670 | 354 | 912–2602 | 1611 | 385 | 984–2306 | 0.50 | 0.00 |
Note: MMSE = Mini-Mental State Examination; DRS-2 = Mattis Dementia Rating Scale-2; RAVLT = Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test; DR = delayed recall; IADL = Instrumental Activities of Daily Living; GDS = Geriatric Depression Scale; d′ = signal detection discrimination; RT = Reaction Time.
*
data were constant.