Table 2. Some published Examples of clinical studies using γH2AX detection in vivo.

Studies are listed in three separate groups: A. γH2AX used in clinical trials, B. γH2AX used for radiation biodosimetry, C. γH2AX used for diagnostics.

APPLICATION	TISSUE	STUDY DETAILS	METHOD	REF.
(A) γH2AX used in clinical trials
Chemotherapy	PBMCs	Phase 1 study of clofarabine followed by cyclophosphamide for adults with refractory acute leukemias	FACS	(49)
Chemotherapy	PBMCs / tumor biopsies	A phase 1 study of SJG-136	Microscopy	(51)
Chemotherapy	AML marrow blasts	A phase 1 study of the combination of tipifarnib and etoposide for patients with AML	FACS	(52)
Chemotherapy	PBMCs	A phase 1 study of 5-azacytidine and entinostata for patients with MDS, chronic myelomonocytic leukemia, and AML	Immunoblotting	(50)
Chemotherapy	Plucked eye-brows	A phase 1 study of olaparib	Microscopy	(42)
(B) γH2AX used for radiation biodosimetry
Computed tomography	PBMCs	DNA damage measured after multi-detector row CT	Microscopy	(93)
radiotherapy	PBMCs	DNA damage measured in cancer patients after local radiotherapy to different sites of the body	Microscopy	(54)
radiotherapy	Skin	DNA damage measured in prostate cancer patients undergoing radiotherapy with curative intent	Microscopy	(53)
X-ray examination	PBMCs	DNA damage measured after cardiac catheterization	Microscopy	(94)
X-ray examination	PBMCs	DNA damage measured after coronary CT angiographic procedure	Microscopy	(95)
X-ray examination	PBMCs	DNA damage measured after angiographic procedure	Microscopy	(56)
X-ray examination	PBMCs	DNA damage measured after percutaneous transluminal angioplasty	Microscopy	(55)
(C) γH2AX used for diagnostics
Diagnosis	Tumor biopsies	Diagnosis of metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma	Microscopy	(64)
Diagnosis	Tissue biopsies	Monitoring DNA damage in Ulcerative Colitis	Immunoblotting	(96)
Radiosensitivity diagnosis	T-cells and lymphoblast oid cell lines and/or PBMCs	Confirmation of radiosensitive A-T patients	FACS	(58)