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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2010 Sep 17.
Published in final edited form as: Proc Inst Mech Eng H. 2010;224(7):801–812. doi: 10.1243/09544119JEIM649

Figure 4.

Figure 4

Oberkampf’s validation hierarchy [20], illustrated for use in computational biomechanics. The hierarchy starts at the tissue level and progresses to the structural, subsystem, and system levels. The validation hierarchy is illustrated here with a knee model including bone, articular cartilage, and the medial collateral ligament. Suggested validation requirements are shown for each level of model complexity.