Table 3.

Candidate diagnostic markers of subtypes of Speech Delay (SD) and subtypes of Motor Speech Disorders (MSD) in the Competence, Precision, and Stability Analytics (CPSA) framework.

Segmental	Competence	Precision	Stability
1. Vowels	Percentage of Non-rhotic Vowels/Diphthongs Correct	Reduced Vowel Space	Less Stable Vowel Space
	Percentage of Rhotic Vowels/Diphthongs Correct	Lengthened Vowels	Less Stable F1
	Percentage of Phonemic Diphthongs Correct	Distorted Rhotics	Less Stable F2
	Percentage of Vowels Correct: CSS a	Reduced Pairwise Vowel Duration Variability	Less Stable Vowel Duration
	Percentage of Vowels Correct: ATb		Less Stable Rhotic Distortions: F3-F2
	Percentage of Non-rhotic Vowels/Diphthongs Correct Revised		Less Stable Vowel Errors
	Percentage of Rhotic Vowels/Diphthongs Correct Revised
	Percentage of Phonemic Diphthongs Correct Revised
	Percentage of Vowels/Diphthongs Correct Revised: CSS
	Percentage of Vowels/Diphthongs Correct Revised: AT
	Percentage of Relative Non-rhotic Vowel/Diphthong Distortions
2. Consonants	Percentage of Consonants in Inventory	Nasal Emissions	Less Stable Consonant Errors
	Percentage of Consonants Correct: CSS	Reduced % Glides Correct	Less Stable Sibilant Centroids
	Percentage of Consonants Correct: AT	Lowered Sibilant Centroids
	Percentage of Consonants Correct- Revised: CSS	Lengthened Cluster Durations
	Percentage of Consonants Correct- Revised: AT
	Percentage of Consonants Correct in Complex Words: MWT
	Relative Omission Index
	Relative Substitution Index
	Relative Distortion Index
3. Vowels and Consonants	Speech Disorders Classification System	Increased Percentage of Phoneme Distortions	Less Stable Whole Word Errors
	Intelligibility Index	Syllable/Word Segregation: Increased % Between/Within-Word Pauses	Less Stable % Phonemes Correct in Complex Words
	Percentage of Structurally Correct Words
Suprasegmental
Prosody
4. Phrasing	Percentage Appropriate Phrasing	Increased Repetitions and Revisions	Reduced Speech-Pause Duration Variability Ratio
5. Rate	Percentage Appropriate Rate	Slower Speaking Rate	Less Stable Speaking Rate
		Slower Articulation Rate	Less Stable Articulation Rate
6. Stress	Percentage Appropriate Stress	Reduced Lexical Stress	Less Stable Lexical Stress
		Increased Lexical Stress	Less Stable Emphatic Stress
		Reduced Emphatic Stress	Less Stable Sentential Stress
		Reduced Sentential Stress
Voice
7. Loudness	Percentage Appropriate Loudness	Reduced Vowels-Consonants Intensity Ratios	Less Stable Vowels-Consonants Intensity Ratios
		Increased Vowels-Consonants Intensity Ratios
8. Pitch	Percentage Appropriate Pitch	Lowered Fundamental Frequency Mean	Less Stable Mean Fundamental Frequency
		Raised Fundamental Frequency Mean
		Lowered Fundamental Frequency Range
		Increased Fundamental Frequency Range
9. Laryngeal Quality	Percentage Appropriate Laryngeal Quality	Increased Jitter	Less Stable Jitter
		Increased Shimmer	Less Stable Shimmer
		Reduced Harmonics-to-Noise Ratio	Less Stable Harmonics-to-Noise Ratio
		Increased % Breathy Utterances
		Increased % Rough Utterances
		Increased % Strained Utterances
		Increased % Break/Shift/Tremorous Utterances
10. Resonance Quality	Percentage Appropriate Resonance Quality	Increased % Nasal Utterances	Less Stable: Nasal: Lowered F1: /a/
		Nasal: Lowered F1:/a/	Nasopharyngeal: Less Stable F2: High Vowels
		Increased % of Nasopharyngeal Utterances
		Nasopharyngeal Lowered F2:High Vowels

Note. Bold entries indicate candidate marker analysis completed using acoustic data reduction methods.

^aSee Table 2 for key to abbreviations.

^bAT=Articulation Test, a generic term for alternative articulation tests, including the Goldman-Fristoe Test of Articulation (2^nd ed.), Sounds-in-Words section.