Table 5.
Candidate CPSA Markers for Motor Speech Disorders-Apraxia of Speech (MSD-AOS), Motor Speech Disorders-Dysarthria (MSD-DYS), and Motor Speech Disorders-Not Otherwise Specified (MSD-NOS).
| Motor Speech Disorders-Apraxia of Speech (MSD-AOS) | ||
|---|---|---|
| Segmental | Precision | Stability |
| 1. Vowels | Less Stable Vowel Space | |
| Less Stable F1 | ||
| Less Stable F2 | ||
| Less Stable Vowel Duration | ||
| Less Stable Rhotic Distortions: F3-F2 | ||
| Less Stable Vowel Errors | ||
| 2. Consonants | Reduced % Glides Correct | Less Stable Consonant Errors |
| Less Stable Sibilant Centroids | ||
| 3. Vowels & Consonants | Less Stable Whole Word Errors | |
| Less Stable % Phonemes Correct in Complex Words | ||
| Suprasegmental Prosody |
||
| 4. Phrasing | Increased Repetitions and Revisions | Reduced Speech-Pause Duration Variability Ratio |
| 5. Rate | Less Stable Speaking Rate | |
| Less Stable Articulation Rate | ||
| 6. Stress | Less Stable Lexical Stress | |
| Less Stable Emphatic Stress | ||
| Voice | Less Stable Sentential Stress | |
| 7. Loudness | Less Stable Vowels-Consonants Intensity Ratios | |
| 8. Pitch | Less Stable Mean Fundamental Frequency | |
| 9. Laryngeal Quality | Less Stable Jitter | |
| Less Stable Shimmer | ||
| Less Stable Harmonics-to-Noise Ratio | ||
| 10. Resonance Quality | Less Stable: Nasal: Lowered F1: /a/ | |
| Nasopharyngeal: Less Stable F2: High Vowels | ||
| Motor Speech Disorders-Dysarthria (MSD-DYS) | ||
| Segmental | Precision | Stability |
| 1. Vowels/Diphthongs | ||
| 2. Consonants | Nasal Emissions | |
| 3. Vowels/Diph & Consonants | ||
| Suprasegmental Prosody |
||
| 4. Phrasing | ||
| 5. Rate | ||
| 6. Stress | ||
| Voice | ||
| 7. Loudness | ||
| 8. Pitch | Lowered Fundamental Frequency Mean | |
| Lowered Fundamental Frequency Range | ||
| 9. Laryngeal Quality | Increased Jitter | |
| Increased Shimmer | ||
| Reduced Harmonics-to-Noise Ratio | ||
| Increased % Breathy Utterances | ||
| Increased % Rough Utterances | ||
| Increased % Strained Utterances | ||
| Increased % Break/Shift/Tremorous Utterances | ||
| 10. Resonance Quality | Increased % Nasal Utterances | |
| Nasal: Lowered F1:/a/ | ||
| Motor Speech Disorders-Not Otherwise Specified (MSD-NOS) | ||
| Segmental | Precision | Stability |
| 1. Vowels/Diphthongs | Reduced Vowel Space | |
| Lengthened Vowels | ||
| Distorted Rhotics | ||
| Reduced Pairwise Vowel Duration Variability | ||
| 2. Consonants | Lowered Sibilant Centroids | |
| Lengthened Cluster Durations | ||
| 3. Vowels/Diph & Consonants | Increased Percentage of Phoneme Distortions | |
| Syllable/Word Segregation: Increased % Between/Within Word Pauses | ||
| Suprasegmental Prosody |
||
| 4. Phrasing | ||
| 5. Rate | Slower Speaking Rate | |
| Slower Articulation Rate | ||
| 6. Stress | Reduced Lexical Stress | |
| Increased Lexical Stress | ||
| Reduced Emphatic Stress | ||
| Voice | Reduced Sentential Stress | |
| 7. Loudness | Reduced Vowels-Consonants Intensity Ratios | |
| Increased Vowels-Consonants Intensity Ratios | ||
| 8. Pitch | Raised Fundamental Frequency Mean | |
| Increased Fundamental Frequency Range | ||
| 9. Laryngeal Quality | ||
| 10. Resonance Quality | Increased % of Nasopharyngeal Utterances | |
| Nasopharyngeal: Lowered F2: High Vowels | ||
Note. Bold entries indicate candidate marker analysis completed using acoustic data reduction methods.