Table 1.
Effects of enzyme-inducing and enzyme-inhibiting AEDs on serum vascular risk markers
| AEDs by type | Vascular risk marker Total cholesterol |
Lipoprotein(a) | CRP | Homocysteine |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Enzyme-inducing | ||||
| CBZ | ↑^ | ↑^ | ↑ | ↑/↔ |
| PHT | ↑ | ↔ | ↑ | ↑ |
| PB | ↑^ | ↑/↔ | ? | ↑ |
| PRM | ↑ | ? | ? | ? |
| Enzyme-inhibiting | ||||
| VPA | ↓ | ↑/↓ | ? | ↑/↓ |
↑^—increases: evidence from multiple studies, including studies with repeated measures; ↑—increases: evidence from single studies or cross-sectional data only; ↓—decreases: evidence from single studies or cross-sectional data only; ↔—no effect demonstrated; ↑/↔—increased or not significantly changed in several studies; ↑/↓—conflicting data (increases or decreases); ?—not sufficient data; AED—antiepileptic drug; CBZ—carbamazepine; CRP—C-reactive protein; PB—phenobarbital; PHT—phenytoin; PRM—primidone; VPA—valproic acid.
See text for references.