Fig. 1.

Social influences of hippocampal mRNA expression. Hippocampal mRNA levels of IL-1β, TNFα, IL-6, MAC-1, and GFAP at 24 (A) and 72 h (B) following surgery. As compared with pair-housed animals, socially isolated CA/CPR mice displayed significantly higher levels of IL-1β and TNFα at both 24 and 72 h postsurgery and significantly higher MAC-1 expression at 72 h following surgery. At 24 h, there also was no significant impact of housing on the expression of these genes among the control group. The control group was comprised of sham-operated mice and mice that underwent hypothermic CA/CPR and as a result did not sustain neuroinflammation or neuronal damage. The data are presented as mean ± SEM. *Significantly different from isolated CA/CPR animals. (P < 0.05). ^†Significantly different from controls (P < 0.05).