Table 2.
Autonomic cardiovascular tests parameters in children with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS group) and in healthy children (control group)
| OSAS group (n = 18, 41.8%) | Control group (n = 25, 58.2%) | P | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Cardiorespiratory parameters | |||
| SBP (mm Hg) | 111.66 ± 7.9 | 100.5 ± 8.5 | 0.001 |
| SBP centile | 81.61 ± 17.7 | 52.8 ± 11.2 | 0.001 |
| DBP (mm Hg) | 64.7 ± 9.1 | 57.7 ± 11.1 | 0.03 |
| DBP centile | 66.3 ± 20.3 | 54.9 ± 13.8 | 0.05 |
| HR (bpm) | 77.0 ± 9.0 | 67.5 ± 7.3 | 0.001 |
| Autonomic cardiovascular tests | |||
| Head-up tilt test | |||
| ΔHR (bpm) | 21.1 ± 12.2 | 20.6 ± 14.3 | NS |
| 30:15 index | 1.16 ± 0.13 | 1.25 ± 0.13 | 0.03 |
| ΔSBP (mm Hg) | 12.8 ± 9.2 | 7.8 ± 7.7 | 0.05 |
| ΔDBP (mm Hg) | 17.1 ± 10.3 | 9.0 ± 5.9 | 0.002 |
| Valsalva maneuver | |||
| Valsalva ratio | 1.5 ± 0.3 | 1.6 ± 0.3 | NS |
| ΔHR (max-min, bpm) | 17.6 ± 9.6 | 13.7 ± 9.3 | NS |
| Deep breathing test | |||
| E:I ratio | 1.38 ± 0.2 | 1.5 ± 0.2 | NS |
| ΔHR (insp-exp, bpm) | 9.0 ± 3.4 | 13.4 ± 5.9 | 0.006 |
SBP, systolic blood pressure (mm Hg); DBP, diastolic blood pressure (mm Hg); HR, heart rate (bpm); ΔHR, highest and lowest heart rate changes during first 30 sec in orthostatic position (bpm); 30:15 index, RR interval at 15th and at 30th beats after tilt (normal value > 1.04); ΔSBP and ΔDBP (mm Hg), diastolic and systolic blood pressure changes during first 3 min of test; Valsalva ratio, the longest RR interval after manoeuvres and the shortest RR interval during manoeuvres (normal value more than 1.21); ΔHR (max-min, bpm), the greatest heart rate difference from baseline during Valsalva maneuver; E:I ratio, the longer RR interval during expiratory phase and the shorter RR interval during inspiratory phase (normal value more than 1.10); ΔHR (insp-exp, bpm), the mean difference between highest and lowest heart rate in each respiratory cycle (normal value > 15 bpm).