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. 2010 Sep 3;9:44. doi: 10.1186/1476-072X-9-44

Table 3.

Managed Care (HMO) Penetration of Insured Population, by State, 1994-2008

State 1994 1998 2008 State 1994 1998 2008
Alaska 0.000 0.000 0.002 Montana 0.015 0.034 0.059
Alabama 0.100 0.107 0.041 North Carolina 0.095 0.166 0.053
Arkansas 0.038 0.111 0.030 North Dakota 0.083 0.029 0.026
Arizona 0.358 0.319 0.253 Nebraska 0.011 0.157 0.046
California 0.383 0.454 0.429 New Hampshire 0.170 0.350 0.113
Colorado 0.244 0.354 0.196 New Jersey 0.169 0.340 0.208
Connecticut 0.274 0.377 0.215 New Mexico 0.174 0.319 0.266
Delaware 0.205 0.344 0.192 Nevada 0.147 0.271 0.200
Florida 0.201 0.263 0.194 New York 0.243 0.363 0.277
Georgia 0.088 0.159 0.192 Ohio 0.192 0.225 0.179
Hawaii 0.232 0.320 0.477 Oklahoma 0.073 0.135 0.066
Iowa 0.041 0.099 0.075 Oregon 0.375 0.397 0.271
Idaho 0.012 0.082 0.046 Pennsylvania 0.215 0.351 0.280
Illinois 0.169 0.235 0.123 Rhode Island 0.288 0.360 0.202
Indiana 0.074 0.161 0.170 South Carolina 0.042 0.115 0.101
Kansas 0.109 0.150 0.147 South Dakota 0.029 0.049 0.100
Kentucky 0.121 0.177 0.080 Tennessee 0.162 0.238 0.255
Louisiana 0.070 0.162 0.075 Texas 0.097 0.177 0.132
Massachusetts 0.352 0.502 0.343 Utah 0.192 0.348 0.296
Maryland 0.362 0.360 0.261 Virginia 0.084 0.210 0.163
Maine 0.062 0.238 0.094 Vermont 0.126 0.289 0.088
Michigan 0.202 0.248 0.277 Washington 0.164 0.283 0.186
Minnesota 0.266 0.306 0.213 Wisconsin 0.242 0.297 0.248
Missouri 0.147 0.268 0.132 West Virginia 0.000 0.102 0.150
Mississippi 0.003 0.034 0.015 Wyoming 0.000 0.028 0.042

Note: Bold font indicates the 19 states with positive MMC spillovers shown in Figure 3.

Italics font indicates the 12 states with negative MMC spillovers shown in Figure 3.

Sources: (1994 and 1998 data) InterStudy, "The InterStudy Competitive Edge: HMO Report," St. Paul, Minnesota; (2008 data) Kaiser Family Foundation, State Health Facts, retrieved June 15, 2010, from http://www.statehealthfacts.org/comparemaptable.jsp?cat=7&ind=349